Sargassum duplicatum Extract Reduced Artritis Severity Score and Periarticular Tissue Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 (Mmp-1) Expression in Ajuvan Artritis Exposed to Cold Stressor

Abstract

In rheumatoid arthritis, significant increase of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) expression results in destruction of cartilage’s collagen, joint’s bone and tendon. Cold stressor increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) production caused by increased oxidative phosphorylation and oxidant compounds can increase MMP-1 production. Sargassum duplicatum contains antioxidant compounds, including polyphenols (flavonoids and phlorotannin) and fucoxanthin. The purpose of this study was to show the effect of Sargassum duplicatum extract (ESD) in reducing arthritis severity score and inhibiting periarticular tissue MMP-1 expression in adjuvant arthritic rat exposed to cold stressor. In this study 30 male adjuvant arthritis (AA) rats divided into three groups: 1) without treatment; 2) exposed to cold stressor of 5o C for 15 minutes on day 8 - 14; 3) exposed to cold stressor and given oral ESD extract 400 mg / kg BW / day on day 1 - 21. At the end of the study, subjective arthritis severity score were assessed and periarticular tissue MMP-1 expression were analysed using immunohistochistry methods. Mann Whitney statistical analysis showed exposure to cold stressor increase arthritis severity score significantly (p=0.002). Treatment with ESD reduce arthritis severity score significantly in AA rats exposed to cold stressors (p=0.001). Anova test results showed that MMP-1 expression were significantly increase in AA rats exposed to cold stressors compared to the group unexposed to cold stressors (p=0.001). ESD treatment significantly reduce the MMP-1 expression in AA rats exposed to cold stressors (p=0.001). In conclusion this study showed that cold stressor increased arthritis severity score and MMP-1 expression in AA, while antioxidant content of ESD decreased arthritis severity score and MMP-1 expression.