Sarcopenic Obesity, Functional Outcomes, and Systemic Inflammation in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Pavol Joppa,Ruzena Tkacova,Frits M.E Franssen,Corrine Hanson,Stephen I Rennard,Edwin K Silverman,Merry-Lynn N Mcdonald,Peter M.A Calverley,Ruth Tal-Singer,Martijn A Spruit,Klaus Kenn,Emiel F.M Wouters,Erica P.A Rutten

doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2016.03.020

Abstract

BackgroundBoth loss of muscle mass (ie, sarcopenia) and obesity adversely impact clinically important outcomes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Currently, there are only a few studies in patients with COPD with sarcopenia and concurrent obesity, termed sarcopenic obesity (SO). ObjectiveTo explore the effects of SO on exercise capacity, health status, and systemic inflammation in COPD. Design/Settings/ParticipantsBaseline data collected from a total of 2548 participants (2000 patients with COPD, mean age (SD), 63.5 (7.1) years; and 548 controls, 54.8 (9.0) years) from ECLIPSE (Evaluation of COPD Longitudinally to Identify Predictive Surrogate Endpoints) study, a multicenter longitudinal observational study, were used. MeasurementsAll participants were divided into 4 body composition phenotypes using bioelectrical impedance analysis: (1) normal body composition, (2) obesity, (3) sarcopenia, and (4) SO. In patients with COPD, the 6-minute walking distance, disease-specific health status, and plasma inflammatory markers were compared among the respective body composition groups. ResultsPatients with COPD were 3 times more likely to present with SO compared with controls without COPD (odds ratio [OR] 3.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.0–5.4, P < .001). In patients with COPD, SO was related to reduced 6-minute walking distance (−28.0 m, 95% CI −45.6 to −10.4), P < .01) and to higher systemic inflammatory burden (an elevation of at least 2 inflammatory markers, OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.1–2.5, P = .028) compared with the normal body composition group after adjustments for age, sex, smoking, body mass index, and airflow limitation. ConclusionsOur findings suggest that SO is associated with worse physical performance and higher systemic inflammatory burden compared with other body composition phenotypes in patients with COPD. Trial registryClinicalTrials.gov no. NCT00292552.

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