Sapium ellipticum (Hochst.) Pax Ethanol Leaf Extract Maintains Lipid Homeostasis in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats.

Osasenaga Mcdonald Ighodaro,Samuel Olatunbosun Omotainse,Regina Ngozi Ugbaja,Oluseyi Adeboye Akinloye

doi:10.1155/2017/6463139

Osasenaga Mcdonald Ighodaro, Samuel Olatunbosun Omotainse + Show 2 more

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https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/6463139

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Abstract

Dyslipidemia is a common metabolic disorder especially in diabetes mellitus (DM). In this study, the ability of Sapium ellipticum (SE) leaf extract to restore lipid homeostasis in streptozotocin-induced diabetes was examined. DM was induced in experimental rats (Wistar strains) using single intraperitoneal dose (55 mg/kg body weight {BW}) of streptozotocin (STZ). Treatment of diabetic rats with SE was oral (p.o), at doses of 400 and 800 mg kg−1 BW, twice daily at 8 h interval for 21 days. Lipid parameters were analyzed in the serum of rats using test kits. SE caused a significant (P ≤ 0.05) reduction in STZ-induced hypercholesterolemia in a dose dependent pattern (13.7 and 17.89%). These effects were comparable to that provided by metformin (15.45%), a standard antidiabetic drug. Similar pattern was noted with serum triglycerides (TG) (10.63 and 19.06%) and LDL (31.47 and 25.97%). Adipose tissue TG level was improved to near normal. Besides, the cardiovascular risk predictors in terms of atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and LDL/HDL ratio were lowered by 57.85 and 44.12%, respectively. However, the extract failed to significantly reverse the STZ-induced decline in serum HDL. Overall, with AIP value of 0.28 and LDL/HDL ratio of 0.91, SE demonstrated the potential to maintain lipid homeostasis in the diabetics.

Highlights

Hyperlipidemia is a common condition associated with a number of diseases such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and cardiovascular disorders, as either a risk, symptomatic, or complication factor
It is characterized by high plasma level of lipid molecules, basically, total cholesterol (T-chol), total triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLchol), and decreased level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-chol) [1, 2]
The Increased VLDL-chol and triglycerides cause a concomitant decrease in the level of HDL-chol and increase in the concentration of LDL-chol through activation of lipoprotein lipase and lecithin acyl-cholesterol transferase [3, 4]

Summary

Introduction

Hyperlipidemia is a common condition associated with a number of diseases such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and cardiovascular disorders, as either a risk, symptomatic, or complication factor It is characterized by high plasma level of lipid molecules, basically, total cholesterol (T-chol), total triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLchol), and decreased level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-chol) [1, 2]. Edimealem and colleagues [14] in their study demonstrated the presence of lupeol, lupeol acetate, and stigmasterol in the stem bark extract of Sapium ellipticum. This present study sought to investigate the ability of the plant leaf extract to maintain lipid homeostasis in diabetes mellitus

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