Abstract
The Influence of water source on the production of slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) and its sanitization efficacy were investigated. Two different water sources (tap water (TW) and underground water (UGW)) were applied to produce slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) at same setting current, with similar electrolyte flow rate (EFR) and concentration. Properties of SAEW were evaluated based on pH, Available chlorine concentration (ACC) and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP). Methods for the optimization of SAEW production process was examined to obtain high ACC value by implanting different types of electrolytes. Effect of ACC and pH of SAEW were evaluated in vitro towards inactivate foodborne pathogens. The results indicated that TW with hardness of 29 ppm produced effectively SAEW than through UGW (12 ppm) using electrolytes. Likewise, low water hardness could be reinforced by combining HCL with a salt (NaCl or KCL). The optimized SAEW production system was determined at 4% HCl + 2.0 M KCL with EFR of 2 mL/min and 4% HCl + 3.0 M KCL with EFR of 2 mL/min resulting in higher ACC value of 56.5 and 65.5 ppm, respectively using TW. Pathogenic vegetative cells were completely inactivated within 1 min of treatment in SAEW with 20 ppm. Viability observations using Confocal and TEM Microscopy, Flow cytometry, and antimicrobial activity were carried out to confirm the sanitizing effect and cell membrane disruption. Based on the experimental results obtained, it provides a foundation for future advancement towards commercial application of SAEW in the food and agricultural industries.
Highlights
Human health and environment[3,4]
Considering US geological survey report[9], the both that waters (TW) and Underground water (UW) were categorized as soft water
The results showed that increase in electrolyte flow rate (EFR) results in decreasing of pH, while increasing in Available chlorine concentration (ACC) and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) for the both TW and UW used in this study
Summary
Human health and environment[3,4]. A schematic mechanism illustration of the slightly electrolyzed water generator system is represented in Fig. 1 and Supplement 1 and 2. Forghani et al.[7] demonstrated that waters (TW) from two different places showed a difference in water hardness, affecting on the properties and sanitization efficacy of SAEW7. Underground water (UW) contains naturally high amount of magnesium (Mg+2), calcium (Ca+2), and few other ions due to the constant contact between water and minerals in ground[8]. The presence of these minerals may influence water hardness and the quality of SAEW. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of water source on the different properties of SAEW and investigate the sanitizing efficacy against foodborne pathogens.
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