Samarium tungstate anchored on graphitic carbon nitride composite: A novel electrocatalyst for the ultra-selective electrocatalytic detection of 8-hydroxy-5-nitroquinoline in river water and biological samples

Abstract

Herein we report a rapid and sensitive electrochemical sensor for the detection of 8-Hydroxy-5-nitroquinoline (HN) based on a fabricated glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with samarium tungstate anchored on graphitic carbon nitride (SW/g-CN) composite. A simple ultrasonic approach was used to synthesis a SW/g-CN composite. The physicochemical properties of the as-prepared composite material were determined by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Following that, the sample's morphology information was determined by using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) study. Additionally, the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) studies were used to determine the electrochemical activity of the as-prepared composite. The developed sensor has a low detection limit (LOD) and a high sensitivity of about 1.2 nM and 1.24 µA µM−1 cm−2 for the detection of HN. Along with that, the SW/g-CN composite modified GCE exhibits exceptional reproducibility, long-term stability, and selectivity. The designed sensor showed acceptable recovery values for the determination of HN in human urine, human blood serum, and river water samples.