Abstract

Forskning viser at kroppsøvingsfaget ikke lykkes med å inkludere alle elever i like stor grad. For å lykkes med inkludering er det derfor nødvendig å utforske nye pedagogiske tilnærminger. Denne studien undersøker hvorvidt samarbeidslæring (SL) som pedagogisk modell kan bidra til å skape et mer inkluderende klassemiljø. Problemstillingen som undersøkes, er: Hvordan erfarer lærer og elever samarbeidslæring som rammeverk for inkluderende praksiser i kroppsøving? Studien er en aksjonsforskningsstudie som strakk seg over seks økter på 120 minutter, i en ungdomsskoleklasse med 20 elever i alderen 15–16 år. For å oppnå en rik forståelse av intervensjonen ble data samlet inn fra flere kilder, inkludert refleksiv dagbok, observasjonsnotater, refleksjonsnotater, elevlogger ogundervisningsplaner. Inspirert av en refleksiv tematisk analyse viser vår studie at prinsippene om individuelt ansvar og gjensidig positiv avhengighet var avgjørende i arbeidet med å utvikle inkluderende praksiser i faget. Videre finner vi at spesifikke sosiale mål som følger elevene over tid, og forsterkning av dette gjennom veiledede refleksjoner omkring målene, er sentralt for å skape et mer inkluderende miljø. Selv om studien også viser utfordringer med å skape et inkluderende læringsmiljø, konkluderer vi med at SL kan fremme mer inkluderende praksiser, og bidrar med ny kunnskap om hvordan lærer kan utvikle mer inkluderende praksiser i kroppsøvingsfaget. ENGLISH ABSTRACT Cooperative Learning: A Suitable Approach for More Inclusive Physical Education? Research indicates that physical education does not succeed in including all students equally, and to achieve inclusion, it is necessary to explore new approaches. In this study, we are interested in examining whether cooperative learning (CL) as a pedagogical model can contribute to creating a more inclusive classroom environment. The research question being investigated is: How do teachers and students experience cooperative learning as a framework for inclusive practice in physical education? This study is an action research study spanning six sessions of 120 minutes each, in a secondary school class consisting of twenty students aged 15–16 years. To gain a rich understanding of the intervention, data were collected from various sources: The first author’s reflective journal, observation notes, reflection notes, student logs and lesson plans. Through a reflective thematic analysis, we found that the principles of individual accountability and positive interdependence were crucial in developing inclusive practices. Furthermore, we find that specific social objectives that accompany the students over time, and the reinforcement of these through guided reflections on the objectives, are essential for creating a more inclusive environment. Although the study also identifies challenges in creating an inclusive learning environment, we conclude that CL can promote a more inclusive practices and contribute new knowledge on how teachers can develop more inclusive practices in physical education.

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