Abstract
The study was conducted at green house and laboratories of Agriculture Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia governorate, Egypt during 2018/2019 to test rhizosphere growth promoting bacteria as known strategy to increase salinity tolerance of six genotypes of wheat namely; Line 404, Line 356, Line 420, Line432, Sakha 93 and Line 380 were grown under 3000 ppm and 5000 ppm of salinity. Four bacterial strains were used namely; Pseudomonas fluorescens NBRC 14160, Serratia liquefaciens ATCC 27592, Bacillus subtilis SBMP4 and Bacillus megaterium NBRC 15308. All the strains could be able to tolerate salinity levels up to 3% NaCl and produced indole acetic acid (IAA). The both strains Pseudomonas fluorescens NBRC 14160 and Bacillus megaterium NBRC 15308 were grow on NA media supplemented with 6% NaCl, and showed 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase activity and Pseudomonas fluorescens NBRC 14160 strain also fixed nitrogen. PCR results confirmed the previous results for both strains. Pseudomonas fluorescens NBRC 14160 and Bacillus megaterium NBRC 15308 were selected to study their reflection in vivo on wheat plants growth at different levels of salinity. The selected strains were able to improve plants growth under salinity stress conditions when compared with non-inoculated plants for all wheat genotypes especially sakha93 showed the highest mean values over rest genotypes under saline and non-saline conditions. Results of genetic parameters for studied traits showed that values of PCV were higher than GCV values for most studied traits. Germination percentage, shoot length and potassium content had high values of heritability and genetic advance, so these traits might use in selection of plant breeding programs for salinity tolerance.
Highlights
Wheat crop (Triticum asativium L.) is the most important nutrient cereal crop in the world [1]
The results revealed that the four strains could be able to tolerate salinity levels up to 3% NaCl while the strains Pseudomonas fluorescens NBRC 14160 and Bacillus megaterium NBRC 15308 grow on nutrient agar (NA) media supplemented with 6% NaCl
Amplifications of acds gene was observed (1kb) in both strains (Pseudomonas fluorescens NBRC 14160 and Bacillus megaterium NBRC 15308) which confirmed the presence of acds gene (Figure 2).Results disagree with research, which confirmed the inability of Pseudomonas spp. to fix nitrogen [35,36,37]
Summary
Wheat crop (Triticum asativium L.) is the most important nutrient cereal crop in the world [1]. Several types of abiotic stress causes reduction in production of many agricultural crops over the world [2,3]. Plants grown under saline conditions are affected in many ways such as reduced water potential in root zone causing water deficit, phytotoxicity of ions such as Na+ and Cl–, nutrient imbalance depressing uptake and transport of nutrients and oxidative stress [5,6]. The competition between nutrient elements like Na+ and K+ for binding sites causing physiological problems essential for cellular functions [7]. All of these effects caused reduction in net yield of wheat and destruction of soil properties
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