SALT SENSITIVITY AND CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE IN PATIENTS WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION: CLINICAL SYMPTOMS

Abstract

The purpose of the research to assess the frequency of salt sensitivity and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in population of essential arterial hypertension (EAH) patients and some clinical symptoms based on salt sensitivity/salt resistance and CKD appearance.Material and methods. 100 patients with EAH II stage participated in the study. All participant underwent a complex of clinical and laboratory examinations. Salt sensitivity / salt resistance was determined by Weinberger M.H. based method. CKD was defined by glomerular filtration rate (GFR) according to the CKD-EPI equation taking into account creatinine and Cystatin-C blood level (KDIGO, 2024).Results. EAH patients with CKD (GFR ≤60 ml/min/1.73m2, for ≥3 months), as well as salt-sensitive patients, more often complain of breath’ shortness, cardiac pain - by 17.5-18.8% (р≤0.05-0.022), peripheral edema - by 41.7-52.1% (р<0.001), headache and sleep impairment – by 24.2-32.0% (р≤0.016-0.001), rhythm and conduction disturbances – by 28.8- 34.1% (р≤0.004-0.001), show signs of depression – by 17.4-33.7% (р≤0.039-0.001). The risk of cardialgia, arrhythmias/blockades, signs of depression, suffocation, impaired sleep, headaches in EAH patients increases 2.4-4.2 times in salt-sensitive subjects (OR95%CI:1.0-10.33; p≤0.044), for CKD – 2.3-3.8 times (OR95%CI:1.04-8.86; p≤0.031). The probability of peripheral edema increases twice as much in salt-sensitive patients – almost 14 times (OR95%CI:4.73-41.06; p<0.001), than in CKD patients – 6.3 times (OR95%CI:2.60-15.37; p<0.001). The risk of gastrointestinal disorders increases almost three times (p=0.03) in salt-sensitive individuals and the CKD presence elevates the chances of fatigue and general weakness almost 4 times (p=0.001).Conclusion. Salt sensitivity and CKD appearance worsen the EAH clinical course.