Salmonella typhimurium Infection in Broiler Chickens: An Overview with Special Reference to The Use of Dietary Selenium Nanoparticles for Prevention

Abstract

Salmonella Typhimurium is a significant zoonotic gram-negative pathogenic bacterium that can cause foodborne illness in humans. Out of all the diseases that affect poultry, the ones caused by the Salmonella genus are the most prevalent, causing significant negative impacts on the poultry industry, including mortality, stunted growth, and decreased egg production. Moreover, broilers can serve as carriers of the bacterium without showing any clinical signs of disease, which can further contribute to the spread of infection. The use of antibiotics for the control of Salmonella Typhimurium may result in antibiotic resistance in broilers and the potential transmission of antibiotic resistance to humans via the food chain. As a result, alternative methods for controlling Salmonella Typhimurium in broilers have been explored such as the use of Selenium Nanoparticles (Se-NPs) and vaccination. Se-NPs is a form of selenium that has been shown to possess antimicrobial activity against bacteria, including Salmonella Typhimurium. Supplementation of Se-NPs in diets can reduce the prevalence and colonization of Salmonella Typhimurium in the cecum and feces of broilers. Another potential method for controlling Salmonella Typhimurium is the use of vaccines. The vaccines can be used to prevent salmonella infection including live attenuated, killed, and subunit vaccines. Therefore, the aim of this study is to highlight the Salmonella infection in broiler chickens and the importance of vaccinating broiler chickens and using Selenium Nanoparticles to protect against Salmonella infection, in order to prevent transmission of the disease to humans and safeguard the poultry industry.