Abstract
Non-edible by-products of animal origin are slaughter waste from slaughter animals that after processing give rise to animal meal which in turn is used as ingredients in the preparation of animal feed such as farm animals. Although this practice has its advantages in reducing environmental impact and meeting the nutritional needs of animals, it can serve as a vehicle for microorganisms such as Salmonella spp. Since food can play an important role in the dissemination of pathogens in the poultry production chain through feeding, the objective of the present study was to investigate the presence of Salmonella spp. samples of non-edible flours of animal origin used in the formulation of feed and also of feed produced from these by-products in slaughterhouses received from Bahia and Pernambuco states, Brazil and that are used in the industrial poultry farms of these States. Out of 649 samples of animal origin flours and feed were analyzed, of which 110 (16.9%) presented Salmonella spp. Statistical analysis, through descriptive analysis and Pearson’s chi-squase association test (X2) showed an association between the presence of Salmonella spp. and the different types of inedible foods analyzed (p<0.05).This contamination in the analyzed samples indicates failure in the microbiological control during and/or after processing of animal origin flours, making them the sources of pathogen dissemination in the poultry chain.
Highlights
In the slaughter industry, production residues and other products not suitable for human consumptions, including those arising from condemnation; or obtained inseparably from the slaughter process, including hooves, horns, hair, skin, feathers, beaks, blood, fetal blood, bones, cartilage, intestine mucosa, bile, gallstones, glands, animal waste and any other animal parts are known as non-edible animal products (Brasil, 2020)
Almost all strains of Salmonella spp. are pathogenic to man to some degree (Eng et al, 2015), only approximately 50 of the 2659 existing strains are regularly isolated from humans (Harvey et al, 2017)
Another important routes of transmission have been reported, such as contact with surfaces contaminated with organic matter, or with moist soils, water where the agent can survive for long periods (Shah et al, 2019), illicit or occasionally prescribed drugs or fluids and transplacental transmission (Touchan et al, 2009)
Summary
Production residues and other products not suitable for human consumptions, including those arising from condemnation; or obtained inseparably from the slaughter process, including hooves, horns, hair, skin, feathers, beaks, blood, fetal blood, bones, cartilage, intestine mucosa, bile, gallstones, glands, animal waste and any other animal parts are known as non-edible animal products (Brasil, 2020). Food and water contaminated by Salmonella spp. constitute the primary source of human infection by this pathogen (Liu et al, 2018a). There was a decrease in infections by Salmonella Enteritidis (Hohmann, 2001; Osowski et al, 2019) Due to this wide distribution of Salmonella spp. in the environment, poultry or the final product can become infected/contaminated from various sources, whether through replacement pullet, hatchery, breeding environment, slaughterhouse, people, failures in biosecurity, management, facilities or through the food. Regarding the dissemination through contaminated by-products, it was ratified by Li et al (2021) that various raw materials of animal origin used in the formulation of feeds can lead to the dissemination of Salmonella spp., including S. The objective of this work was to investigate the presence of Salmonella spp. in samples of non-edible animal products intended for the preparation of feed and feed samples made from these residues that are used in poultry feed
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