Salivary Oxidative Stress Markers' Relation to Oral Diseases in Children and Adolescents.

Bahareh Nazemi Salman,Saeideh Mazloomzadeh,Ionut Luchian,Maryam Hossein Poor Tehrani,Shayan Darvish,Ancuta Goriuc

doi:10.3390/antiox10101540

Abstract

Current evidence suggests that salivary markers of oxidative stress are indicative of clinical disease indices such as the papillary bleeding index (PBI) and the caries index (CI). The aim of this study was to assess the relation of oxidative stress markers with oral dental caries and periodontal problems in a pediatric population. In our case-control study, unstimulated whole saliva was collected from individuals aged 3–18 years (n = 177); 14 individuals were excluded. Study subjects were divided into those with caries (CI = 2, n = 78) and those who were caries-free (n = 85). These groups were then divided into another subset consisting of children (mean age 7.3 years, n = 121) and adolescents (mean age 16.1 years, n = 42). The PBI was determined in all groups. We then assessed salivary levels of oxidative stress markers. Our results showed that, the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) level increased in patients with more gingival bleeding (p < 0.05) in the study group aged 3–18 years. In addition, TAC showed a significant decrease in samples with caries when compared to the caries-free group in adolescents (p = 0.008). In conclusion, TAC levels may be a marker of both gingival bleeding and dental caries in young adult populations. We hope that in the near future, prophylaxis, control, follow up and even possible therapeutic use of oxidative stress markers in a chairside way will become possible as antioxidants have been shown to be effective against oral diseases.

Highlights

Dental caries is the most common oral disease found in children and adults
We found that antioxidant oxidation protein products (AOPP) as a marker for protein oxidation level was less in the caries index (CI) = 2 group when compared with children between andless
Plaque index in our study showed a significant increase in more severe bleeding (PBI = 2) and caries-infected dentin (CI = 2) groups

Summary

Introduction

Dental caries is the most common oral disease found in children and adults. preventable, it is still the most common chronic disease in the world and results in pain and tooth loss [1]. Dental caries is five times more prevalent than asthma, which is the second common disease after dental caries in children [2]. Periodontal disease is another frequent oral problem—11% of the global population are suffering from it [3]. Bacteria can cause dental caries and periodontal problems; both diseases have a multifactorial etiology, with different biomarkers, that affect saliva [1,4,5]. From these biomarkers, oxidative agents such as reactive oxygen/nitrogen substances (ROS/RNS)

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