Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the rate of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, antioxidant barrier, and oxidative damage in non-stimulated (NWS) and stimulated (SWS) saliva as well as plasma/erythrocytes of 50 patients with chronic heart failure (HF) divided into the two subgroups: NYHA II (33 patients) and NYHA III (17 patients). The activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase was statistically increased in NWS of HF patients as compared to healthy controls. The free radical formation, total oxidant status, level of uric acid, advanced glycation end products (AGE), advanced oxidation protein products and malondialdehyde was significantly elevated in NWS, SWS, and plasma of NYHA III patients as compared to NYHA II and controls. We were the first to demonstrate that with the progression of HF, disturbances of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense, and oxidative damage to proteins and lipids occur at both central (plasma/erythrocytes) and local (saliva) levels. In the study group, we also observed a decrease in saliva secretion, total salivary protein and salivary amylase activity compared to age- and gender-matched control group, which indicates secretory dysfunction of salivary glands in patients with HF. Salivary AGE may be a potential biomarker in differential diagnosis of HF.
Highlights
Despite enormous progress made in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, the incidence of chronic heart failure (HF) is steadily increasing and is the leading cause of death in adults
Because redox homeostasis cannot be characterized by a single biomarker, the aim of our work was to compare the rate of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant barriers, and oxidative damage to proteins and lipids in non-stimulated and stimulated saliva, as well as plasma/erythrocytes of patients with chronic heart failure and healthy controls
No significant differences in oral hygiene as well as gum and periodontal condition (DMFT, Papilla Bleeding Index (PBI), Gingival Index (GI), and CR) were found in the study group compared to the controls (Table 2)
Summary
Despite enormous progress made in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, the incidence of chronic heart failure (HF) is steadily increasing and is the leading cause of death in adults. We distinguish patients with normal LVEF (typically considered as ≥ 50%; HF with preserved EF (HFpEF)) as well as reduced LVEF (typically considered as < 40%; HF with reduced EF (HFrEF)) [3]. The cause of these ailments in HFrEF is a disturbed structure and/or function of the heart, which results in decreased cardiac output and increased intracardiac pressure at rest and/or during physical activity [1,2,4]. Many patients with HF have a history of myocardial infarction or revascularization [3]
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