Abstract
This study is the first to assess the diagnostic utility of redox biomarkers in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Antioxidant barrier (Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), uric acid (UA), reduced glutathione (GSH)), redox status (total antioxidant (TAC)/oxidant status (TOS), ferric reducing ability (FRAP)), and oxidative damage products (advanced glycation end products (AGE), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), malondialdehyde (MDA)) were measured in serum/plasma samples of 50 CRC patients. The activity of SOD was significantly higher whereas the activity of CAT, GPx and GR was considerably lower in CRC patients compared to the control group (p < 0.0001). Levels of UA, TOS, and OSI and concentrations of AGE, AOPP, and MDA were significantly higher, and the levels of GSH, TAC, and FRAP were considerably lower in CRC patients compared to the healthy controls (p < 0.0001). AUC for CAT with respect to presence of lymph node metastasis was 0.7450 (p = 0.0036), whereas AUC for MDA according to the depth of tumour invasion was 0.7457 (p = 0.0118). CRC is associated with enzymatic/non-enzymatic redox imbalance as well as increased oxidative damage to proteins and lipids. Redox biomarkers can be potential diagnostic indicators of CRC advancement.
Highlights
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common types of cancer and classified as the third most common cancer in the world
Differentiation and recognition of histological type of cancer were cancer were performed following the World Health Organization guidelines [16], while tumour stage performed following the World Health Organization guidelines [16], while tumour stage was was determined according to the TNM classification standard of the Union for International Cancer determined according to the TNM classification standard of the Union for International Cancer
In order to assess the antioxidant barrier, we evaluated the activity of antioxidant enzymes (i.e., Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR)) and concentration of non-enzymatic antioxidants (uric acid (UA), and reduced glutathione (GSH))
Summary
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common types of cancer and classified as the third most common cancer in the world. It is important to detect cancer at an early stage because the five-year relative survival rate for patients with stage I colorectal cancer is about 92%, whereas in patients with stage IV (with lymph node and distant metastases) is less than 10%. Despite screening tests, i.e., faecal occult blood testing (FOBT) and colonoscopy (‘gold standard’ of CRC screening), the survival time of patients with colorectal cancer has not improved significantly [2]. The main cause of this fact is that colonoscopy is an invasive and limited method due to difficulties for patients before the test performance. Faecal occult blood testing offers limited sensitivity, at the initial stage of the disease [2]. Early detection and treatment of CRC may prevent further progression of invasive cancer as well as significantly reduce the percentage of patient mortality
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