Abstract
Monitoring the immune system’s regulation and signaling using saliva could be of interest for clinicians and researchers. Saliva, a biofluid with close exchange with serum, is influenced by circadian variance and oral factors such as masticatory function. This study investigated the detectability and concentration of cytokines and chemokines in saliva in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) as well as saliva flow and the influence of orofacial pain on saliva flow. Of the 60 participants (7–14 years old) enrolled, 30 had a diagnosis of JIA and active disease, and 30 were sex- and age-matched healthy controls. Demographic data and three validated questions regarding presence of orofacial pain and dysfunction were recorded. Stimulated whole saliva was collected and analyzed using a customized R&D bead-based immunoassay with 21 targeted biomarkers. Fourteen of these were detectable and showed similar levels in both children with JIA and controls: TNF-alpha, TNFRSF1B, MMP-2, MMP-3, IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6R alpha, IL-8, S100A8, CCL2, CCL3, IL-10, CCL11, and CXCL9. In addition, there was no difference in salivary flow rate between groups, but there was an association between orofacial pain and reduced saliva flow rate for both groups.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Protocol id: 2010/2089-31/2.
Highlights
Monitoring the immune system’s regulation and signaling using saliva could be of interest for clinicians and researchers
Some of these cytokines and chemokines belong to the innate immune response such as TNF-alpha, interleukin-1 (IL-1), Interleukin 6 (IL-6), and IL-105–7, and some belong to the adaptive immune response such as the IL-25
The presence of positive answers to Q1 and Q2 was significantly higher in the children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) than in the controls (p = 0.010 and p < 0.001, respectively), and there was a trend to a significant difference for Q3 (p = 0.052)
Summary
Monitoring the immune system’s regulation and signaling using saliva could be of interest for clinicians and researchers. This study investigated the detectability and concentration of cytokines and chemokines in saliva in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) as well as saliva flow and the influence of orofacial pain on saliva flow. Stimulated whole saliva was collected and analyzed using a customized R&D bead-based immunoassay with 21 targeted biomarkers Fourteen of these were detectable and showed similar levels in both children with JIA and controls: TNF-alpha, TNFRSF1B, MMP-2, MMP-3, IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6R alpha, IL-8, S100A8, CCL2, CCL3, IL-10, CCL11, and CXCL9. Pro-, and anti- inflammatory cytokines and chemokines play an important role in the immunopathophysiology of JIA2,4 Some of these cytokines and chemokines belong to the innate immune response such as TNF-alpha, interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, and IL-105–7, and some belong to the adaptive immune response such as the IL-25. As with blood sampling, there are diurnal variations in the saliva composition and there are functional limitations that might influence saliva flow and Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Eastman Institutet, Folktandvården Stockholms Län AB, 113 82 Stockholm, Scientific Reports | (2022) 12:3240
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