Sagittal Jaw Relationship of Different Types of Cleft and Non-cleft Individuals.

Mohammad Khursheed Alam,Pooi Ling Mok,Adith Venugopal,Ammar A Siddiqui,Anand Marya,Sanjida Haque,Nafij Bin Jamayet,Ahmed Ali Alfawzan

doi:10.3389/fped.2021.651951

Abstract

To investigate whether the craniofacial sagittal jaw relationship in patients with non-syndromic cleft differed from non-cleft (NC) individuals by artificial intelligence (A.I.)-driven lateral cephalometric (Late. Ceph.) analysis. The study group comprised 123 subjects with different types of clefts including 29 = BCLP (bilateral cleft lip and palate), 41 = UCLP (unilateral cleft lip and palate), 9 = UCLA (unilateral cleft lip and alveolus), 13 = UCL (unilateral cleft lip) and NC = 31. The mean age was 14.77 years. SNA, SNB, ANB angle and Wits appraisal was measured in lateral cephalogram using a new innovative A.I driven Webceph software. Two-way ANOVA and multiple-comparison statistics tests were applied to see the differences between gender and among different types of clefts vs. NC individuals. A significant decrease (p < 0.005) in SNA, ANB, Wits appraisal was observed in different types of clefts vs. NC individuals. SNB (p > 0.005) showed insignificant variables in relation to type of clefts. No significant difference was also found in terms of gender in relation to any type of clefts and NC group. The present study advocates a decrease in sagittal development (SNA, ANB and Wits appraisal) in different types of cleft compared to NC individuals.

Highlights

Cleft lip and palate; the second most common developmental abnormalities which extant during birth by presenting anatomical alteration of the lip and/or palate [1]
UCLP (p < 0.001) and BCLP (p < 0.001) subjects had significantly smaller SNA angles compared to NC subjects
UCLP (p-value

Summary

Introduction

Cleft lip and palate; the second most common developmental abnormalities which extant during birth by presenting anatomical alteration of the lip and/or palate [1]. This craniofacial malformation is caused by the effects of both genetic and environmental factors such as maternal smoking and alcohol consumption, stress, viral infection during the first 8 weeks of pregnancy, teratogenic drug etc. An angle relates to the antero-posterior position of the maxillary apical base to a line passing through the anterior cranial base. An angle relates to the antero-posterior position of the mandibular apical base to a line passing through the anterior cranial base Many beneficial approaches have been carried out previously such as: dental arch relationship [3], arch dimension [4], tooth size morphometry [5] and craniofacial morphology [6] to evaluate the outcome of CLP patients.

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