Evaluation of Sella Turcica Bridging and Morphology in Different Types of Cleft Patients.

Mohammad Khursheed Alam,Ahmed Ali Alfawzan

doi:10.3389/fcell.2020.00656

Mohammad Khursheed Alam, Ahmed Ali Alfawzan

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2020.00656

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Abstract

ObjectivesTo evaluate sella turcica (ST) bridging, associated anomalies, and morphology, in subjects with four different types of clefts, and compare them with non-cleft (NC) subjects.Materials and MethodsA total of 123 (31 NC and 92 cleft) Saudi subjects who had their lateral cephalogram (Late. Ceph.), orthopantomogram (OPG), and clinical details for ordinary diagnosis were included in the study. Among 92 cleft subjects, 29 had bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP), 41 had unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), nine had unilateral cleft lip and alveolus (UCLA), and 13 with unilateral cleft lip (UCL). ST bridging and seven parameters related to ST morphology and skeletal malocclusion were analyzed using Late. Ceph. Associated dental anomalies in ST bridging subjects were investigated using OPG. The images were investigated using artificial intelligence driven Webceph software. Multiple statistical tests were applied to see the differences between gender and among cleft vs NC subjects.ResultsST bridging was found to be higher in cleft subjects (22.82%). Most of the cleft subjects had severe skeletal Class III malocclusion associated with multiple types of dental anomalies (impacted canines, congenital missing, and presence of supernumerary teeth). No significant gender disparities in all seven parameters of ST morphology were found between NC and cleft groups. However, there were significant differences when compared among four different types of cleft individuals vs NC subjects.ConclusionST bridging is more prevalent in cleft subjects along with Class III malocclusion and associated dental anomalies. ST morphometry differs significantly between cleft vs NC subjects. BCLP exhibits smaller values of all seven parameters as compared to all other groups.

Highlights

The sella point or the center of the Sella turcica (ST) is a point in the cranial base which is situated at the midpoint of ST that accommodates the pituitary gland (Celik-Karatas et al, 2015)
intra-class correlation co-efficient (ICC) results for all seven parameters of ST morphology ranged from 0.86 to 0.94
6.45 and 22.82% ST bridging was found in NC and cleft individuals, respectively

Summary

Introduction

Ceph.) uses a number of landmarks as reference points for analysis/study of craniofacial structures. Sella turcica (ST) serves as one such important landmark in the cranium on Late. The sella point or the center of the ST is a point in the cranial base which is situated at the midpoint of ST that accommodates the pituitary gland (Celik-Karatas et al, 2015). It plays an important role in cephalometric analysis and helps us identify pathologies related to pituitary gland and becomes an exceptional source of information, those syndromes that affect craniofacial region. A thorough knowledge of its radiological anatomy and variations may help us evaluate the growth and recognize any deviation in a variety of anomalies or pathological situations, and the possible outcome of the orthodontic treatment in such situations

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