Abstract
Annona senegalensis (Annonaceae) is a tropical shrub widely distributed in Burkina Faso. This plant is traditionally used as a medicine against many pathologies including typhoid fever, gastrointestinal disorders, ulcers, and inflammatory and infectious diseases. The present study was conducted to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antiulcer properties of Annona senegalensis root bark extracts. Therefore, toxicity tests were first performed, followed by other biological tests. For this purpose, we first undertook to evaluate the toxicity tests before considering the other biological tests in a second step. The results showed that the extracted fractions had a significant effect for the different methods used (protein denaturation inhibition activity, hyaluronidase inhibition activity, and xanthine oxidase inhibition activity). However, of the extracted fractions used, the ethyl acetate fraction was the most anti-inflammatory fraction. The antiulcer activity was evaluated using the best bioactive fraction. The antiulcer effect of the ethyl acetate fraction may be due to both the reduction of gastric acid secretion and gastric cytoprotection. The results of this study also showed that the bioactive fraction reduced ethanol-induced ulceration and pyloric ligation in a dose-dependent manner, and at the highest dose (200 mg/kg), the effect was similar to that of the reference drug. In summary, the ethyl acetate fraction was found to have the best anti-inflammatory and antiulcerogenic activities. The ethyl acetate fraction at a dose of 200 mg/kg also showed a rather interesting level of cytoprotection. The anti-inflammatory and antiulcer activities could be due to the different secondary metabolites contained in the fractions extracted from Annona senegalensis, notably flavonoids, triterpenoids, steroids, saponins, and tannins. As the mechanisms of action are still little or not understood, we will consider in the future identifying the phytoconstituents and the mechanisms of action involved in the results.
Highlights
Traditional herbal medicine has always been known to be used by humans [1]. e beneficial alternative use of traditional herbal medicine is the result of the failure of modern medicine to treat certain diseases accurately [2]
Extraction Yields. e extraction yields were evaluated from hydroacetonic extract (HAE) and the different extract fractions ((n-hexane fraction (n-HF), dichloromethane fraction (DCMF), ethyl acetate fraction (EAF), and n-butanol fraction (n-BF)), respectively. e best yield was obtained with the hydroacetone extract, followed by the dichloromethane fraction, the ethyl acetate fraction, the butanol fraction, and the hexane fraction with, respectively, 19.12% (HAE); 14.51% (DCMF); 13.88% (EAF); 12.06% (BF); and 8.10% (HF)
(1) Liver Enzymes and Proteins. e effects of hydroacetonic extract of root barks from Annona senegalensis Pers. on biochemical parameters of rats are presented in Figure 4. e extract produced nonsignificant effects on plasma levels of liver enzymes (ALT, AST, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)), total protein, and albumin compared to the control group
Summary
Traditional herbal medicine has always been known to be used by humans [1]. e beneficial alternative use of traditional herbal medicine is the result of the failure of modern medicine to treat certain diseases accurately [2]. E beneficial alternative use of traditional herbal medicine is the result of the failure of modern medicine to treat certain diseases accurately [2]. Herbal medicines are useful for certain conditions where modern medicine has been ineffective [3]. Ulcers are considered a serious condition among inflammatory and metabolic diseases. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are most commonly used in inflammatory diseases. These synthetic molecules are not adequate to treat all forms of inflammatory diseases. These drugs can cause complications ranging from bleeding to ulcers [4]. The use of phytopharmaceuticals has become popular due to their analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects [5]
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