Safety of laparoscopic surgery in radical resection for different stage rectal cancer

Abstract

Objective To explore the safety of the laparoscopic surgery in radical resection for different stage rectal cancer. Methods Clinical data of 200 cases with rectal cancer underwent laparoscopic radical resection(observation group) were analyzed retrospectively, including 52 cases of stage 0-Ⅰ, 148 cases of stage Ⅱ-Ⅲ.Two hundred cases patients with rectal cancer underwent open radical surgery were selected as control group, including 44 cases of stage 0-Ⅰ, 156 cases of stage Ⅱ-Ⅲ.The length to distal resection margin, the number of harvested lymph nodes, the incidence of postoperative complications and the prognosis of recent situation were observed, the safety of the laparoscopic surgery was analyzed. Results Whether rectal cancer of stage 0- I or II - III, there were no significant differences in terms of the length of distal resection margin((2.5±0.9) cm vs. (2.4±1.1) cm, t=0.490, P=0.625; (3.1±1.0) cm vs. (3.2±1.3) cm, t=0.749, P=0.454), the number of harvested lymph nodes((12.3±4.2) vs. (12.7±3.9), t=0.480, P=0.632; (13.9±5.4) vs. (15.1±4.9), t=2.369, P=0.118), the incidence of postoperative complications(17.3% vs. 18.2%, χ2=0.012, P=0.911; 27.7% vs. 28.8%, χ2=0.049, P=0.825), the rate of local recurrence(1.9% vs. 2.3%, χ2=0.014, P=1.000; 4.1% vs. 3.2%, χ2=0.157, P=0.692), the distant metastasis(3.8% vs. 2.3%, χ2=0.195, P=1.000; 5.4% vs. 4.5%, χ2=0.137, P=0.712) and 3-year survival rate(96.2% vs.95.5%, χ2=0.010, P=0.808; 83.8% vs. 85.3%, χ2=0.132, P=0.714) between the observation group and control group(P>0.05). Conclusion For rectal cancer of stage 0-Ⅰ, laparoscopic surgery has good safety, and worthy of popularization and application.For rectal cancer of stage Ⅱ - Ⅲ, due to its operation for a long time as well as the possible risk in postoperative anastomotic fistula, the implementation of laparoscopic surgery should be more cautious. Key words: Radical resection for rectal cancer; Laparoscope; Tumor stage; Safety