Abstract
The continuous growth in the volume of liquid cargoes, transported by sea, leads to increase of tankers’ size and to implementation of appropriate shore facilities, which have to meet the relevant environmental requirements. In order to ensure safety during loading and discharging operations in shore terminals, it is necessary to make an assessment on the level of potential risk in port and onboard the vessel and to take all necessary steps to reduce the possibility for environmental impacts and occurrence of an accident especially when performing transfer operations to/from ships. The article presents some constructive decisions for building of shore tanks and their application for storage and transfer of petroleum products. The measures for the safe performing of the cargo operations are systematized after discussing of specifics by performing of all processes connected with loading or discharge. The precautions are defined in three critical points of action - operation on vessel systems, transportation of cargo using shore facilities and storage in tanks.
Highlights
The petroleum industry plays an important role in world economy
In order to ensure safety during loading and discharging operations in shore terminals, it is necessary to make an assessment on the level of potential risk in port and on-board the vessel and to take all necessary steps to reduce the possibility for environmental impacts and occurrence of an accident especially when performing transfer operations to/from ships
The valves of the land structures must be fully opened in direction to the storage that will be filled before the ones to be opened to the ship, and those on the shore tanks themselves shall be kept closed until the workable pressure is reached
Summary
The petroleum industry plays an important role in world economy. At the end of 2016 year, the gas processing and manufacturing industry registered a significant leap. With the introduction of important environmental rules, such as the creation of sensitive shipping areas, where the usage of low-sulphur fuels is mandatory; the requirements for reduction of noise and vibration within port areas and those for air pollution by discharge of harmful substances, as a result of shipping activities, it is necessary to have much greater awareness of the assessment of the risk of liquid cargo maritime transportation and their impact on the marine life and habitats as well as a quick emergency response plan when leaks or spills occur. This imposes the performance of initial analysis of the critical points throughout the whole crude oil transfer process starting from the refinery, through the oil safe storage services and cargo handling operations
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