Abstract
The paper deals with the issue of GNSS interference and its subsequent impact on airport approach procedures. It discusses the problem of GNSS signal interference and interference identification on a practical example of a small regional airport in Zilina, located close to the highway, through research aimed at its identification, a proposal for the location of a monitoring station and subsequent practical verification. The paper seeks to analyse and provide recommendations for enhancing safety and reliability in GNSS approaches. Given the need to develop the air transport, it is important to ensure the safety and continuity of service provision at small regional airports. The GNSS approach at airports with insufficiently equipped navigation infrastructure seems to be one of the most suitable. Introduction of the GNSS interference monitoring in the final instrument approach phase would increase the safety and reliability of the flight.
Highlights
Satellite navigation systems have existed since the early 1960s when development of the first navigation satellites began
Based on statistical outputs of measurements, carried out by the Police of the Slovak Republic in cooperation with the Regulatory Authority for Electronic Communications and Postal Services from 2012 to 2017, it was found that occurrence of the GNSS interference on GPS L1 frequency is mainly on highway sections, expressways and 1st class roads, which are subject to a toll system that uses the GPS L1 [10]
The simulation suggests that the GNSS interference detector is able to identify interference at points C and D and the detection of the interference signal will be in the critical phase of flight, which is the L (MM) up to the Touchdown point (Figure 5)
Summary
Satellite navigation systems have existed since the early 1960s when development of the first navigation satellites began. The second significant milestone in development and use of the satellite navigation systems was introduction of enhanced satellite navigation systems, either based on a terrestrial augmentation called GBAS (Ground Based Augmentation System) or based on a satellite augmentation called SBAS (Satellite Based Augmentation System) Both variants of the satellite navigation system augmentation offer various aviation users a variety of options and benefits. From the economic efficiency point of view, such a monopoly in the provision of navigation information at first glance may seem advantageous, but it has limits in terms of the need to maintain the large-scale ground and airborne infrastructure based on the conventional VOR/DME or DME/DME navigation This GNSS monopoly built on GPS L1C/A has only a little resistance to accidental and deliberate frequency interference. In Europe, and elsewhere in the world, there were accidental local interference of satellite navigation systems, which were losing their navigation performance, continuity of service and, last but not the least, location and time accuracy
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