Abstract
This study investigates the determinants of walkability by evaluating assessment indicators by constructing a path model based on on-site data collected in Penang. Based on the path analysis, safety (β2=0.691, t=9.301, p<0.01) and connectivity (β1=0.559, t=8.048, p<0.01) have a positive correlation to walkability. Meanwhile, walkability shows a negative correlation with the number of private vehicles. The findings of this study allow the authorities to focus on enhancing the safety of walking facilities that give access to bus stops which will probably increase the likeliness of using the public bus services. The findings from this study also reveal the underlying factors that can boost the public to adopt walking as an active mode of transport and thus reduce the dependency on private vehicles.
Highlights
Walkability has many social and environmental benefits
Walkability is proven to be negatively significant towards the number of private vehicles
It means that the provision of better walking facilities will reduce the number of private vehicles being used
Summary
Walkability has many social and environmental benefits. Walking decreases the risk of obesity [1,2,3,4,5,6], and prevents the incidence of other chronic diseases [7]. Regardless of the negative health consequences that may arise, people still tend to rely on private vehicles instead of practicing active modes of transport. Apart from its negative health consequences, decreased practicing of active modes of transport has adverse consequences to the environment, such as air and noise pollution, while the number of fatal car accidents rises. One of the major factors of these accidents is the high reliance on vehicles for transportation. The indicators related to walking facilities at bus stops were investigated for their association with the number of private vehicles. This study can be a future reference for transport engineers and planners to improve the accessibility for walking infrastructure and reduce the dependency on private vehicles
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