Safety and feasibility of ultrasound-guided serratus anterior plane block and intercostal nerve block for management of post-sternotomy pain in pediatric cardiac patients: A prospective, randomized trial

Abstract

BackgroundPostoperative analgesia in the cardiothoracic ICU has traditionally relied on intravenous opioids. Thoracic nerve blocks are attractive alternatives for analgesia that reduce the requirement for opioids, but their safety and feasibility remain unclear. MethodsSixty children were allocated randomly to three groups: group C received intravenous opioids alone, while group SAPB (deep serratus anterior plane block) and group ICNB (intercostal nerve block) received opioids combined with ultrasound-guided regional nerve blocks (0.2% ropivacaine 2.5 mg.kg−1) after patients were transferred to the ICU. The primary outcome was opioid requirement in the first 24 h after surgery. Other outcomes included the postoperative FLACC scale value, tracheal extubation time, and plasma ropivacaine concentrations after the block. ResultsThe mean [sd] cumulative dose of opioids administered postoperatively within 24 h in the SAPB (168.6 [76.9] μg.kg−1) and ICNB groups (170.0 [86.8] μg.kg−1) were significantly lower by nearly 53% than those in group C (359.3 [125.3] μg.kg−1, p = 0.000). The tracheal extubation time was shorter in the regional block groups than that in the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.177). The FLACC scale values at 0, 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h post-extubation were similar in the three groups. The mean peak plasma ropivacaine concentrations in the SAP and ICNB groups were 2.1 [0.8] and 1.8 [0.7] mg.L−1, respectively, 10 min post-block and then slowly decreased. No noticeable complications associated with regional anesthesia were observed. ConclusionsUltrasound-guided SAPB and ICNB provided safe and satisfactory early postoperative analgesia while reducing opioid consumption following sternotomy in pediatric patients. Clinical trial registrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiChiCTR2100046754.