Safe-Serv: Energy-Efficient Decision Delivery for Provisioning Safety-as-a-Service

Abstract

In this article, we introduce an <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">energy-efficient decision delivery</i> mechanism, <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Safe-Serv</i> , in the Safety-as-a-Service (Safe-aaS) infrastructure for the road transportation industry. A Safe-aaS architecture provides safety-related customized dynamic decisions to the registered end-users. Moreover, the concept of <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">decision virtualization</i> enables to deliver the same decision to multiple end-users at the same time. The sensor nodes sense and transmit the data to the edge node/cloud, which is further processed to generate a decision. As the sensor nodes are energy-constrained in nature, energy efficiency is one of the important parameters to be considered for Safe-aaS infrastructure. Safe-Serv reduces energy consumption through the elimination of redundant data transmission from the sensor node to the edge node or cloud. We use the cooperative Nash bargaining approach among different homogeneous sensor nodes, which bargain among themselves to transmit data to the edge node/cloud. Based on the total dissipated energy, effective proportional distance, duty factor, nodal delay, and cost-efficient state, the appropriate sensor node is chosen. Thus, the selected sensor node transmits data to the edge layer or cloud. We incorporate the cost of data transmitted by the sensor node, which leads to cost-effective utilization of the resources. Through extensive simulation, we observe that the energy dissipated by the sensor nodes using the proposed scheme, Safe-Serv, is reduced by 85 and 78 percent approximately compared to the existing schemes – SASPENCE and manoeuvre-based trajectory planning – respectively.