Abstract
BackgroundBreast cancer is the most commonly occurring cancer in women worldwide. S100A14 is a novel important member of S100 proteins family. Its importance is due to its role in tumorigenesis and metastasis process. In this study, we aimed to determine serum levels of S100A14 protein in breast cancer patients and healthy individuals to know if it can be suggested as a new biomarker for breast cancer and to reveal whether it is correlated with cancer pathological features.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was performed in two groups: study group contains 46 breast cancer patients (29 metastatic and 17 non-metastatic) and control group contains 22 healthy women. Enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay was performed to determine S100A14 protein levels in samples. Pathological data were obtained for each patient. The data were statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis H, Mann-Whitney U, and Spearman correlation tests.ResultsS100A14 serum levels were elevated in study group compared with control group (P < 0.05). S100A14 serum levels were significantly increased in distant breast cancer patients compared with regional breast cancer patients (P = 0.001). There was a strong positive correlation between serum S100A14 level and tumor grade (rs = 0.713, P < 0.001).ConclusionOur study indicated that S100A14 serum levels are elevated in breast cancer patients compared with control individuals. High S100A14 serum levels were correlated with poor tumor differentiation so it might have a prognostic significance for breast cancer tumors. The elevation of S100A14 levels in distant breast cancer patients suggests the ability of using serum S100A14 as a biomarker for detection of breast cancer metastasis.
Highlights
IntroductionS100A14 is a novel important member of S100 proteins family
Breast cancer is the most commonly occurring cancer in women worldwide
S100A14 levels in control group and cancer group To verify the difference between S100A14 serum levels in the breast cancer group and the healthy control group, the serum concentration of S100A14 in the two groups was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
Summary
S100A14 is a novel important member of S100 proteins family. S100 proteins constitute the largest subfamily of calcium binding protein of the EF-hand type. These low molecular weight acidic proteins play multifunctional roles as they have been reported to mediate a wide range of intracellular and extracellular functions [1]. While being inside the cell, S100 proteins perform different intracellular functions include calcium homeostasis, cell growth and survive, cytoskeletal arrangement, cell motility, and regulation of transcriptional factors [1]. At least 25 members of S100 protein family have been discovered to date. S100A14 gene beside 22 other S100 genes are located at the chromosomal locus 1q21 which has been reported to be susceptible to genomic mutations in cancers, supporting that these proteins may be implicated in the progression of cancer and explaining the altered expression of most of S100 proteins in many cancers [1, 2].
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