Abstract
<p class="PaperKeywordTitle"><span lang="EN-US">On the basis of the selected thermodynamic data for Ru(III) and Ru(IV) compounds in addition to original thermodynamic and graphical approach used in this paper, the thermodynamic stability areas of sparingly soluble hydroxides as well as the repartition of their soluble and insoluble chemical species towards the solution pH and initial concentrations of ruthenium in heterogeneous mixture solid phase–saturated solution have been investigated. By means of the Δ<em>G</em>–pH diagrams, the areas of thermodynamic stability of Ru(III) and Ru(IV) hydroxides have been established for a number of analytical concentrations in heterogeneous mixtures. The diagrams of heterogeneous and homogeneous chemical equilibria have been used for graphical representation of complex equilibria in aqueous solutions containing Ru(III) and Ru(IV). The obtained results, based on the thermodynamic analysis and graphic design of the calculated data in the form of the diagrams of heterogeneous chemical equilibria, are in good agreement with the available experimental data. </span></p>
Highlights
Chemistry of ruthenium is characterized by some specific properties, such as the existence of various valences from 0 to 8, the relatively easy formation of stable polynuclear compounds, occurrence of various disproportionation and comproportionation processes etc
Determination of the molar fractions of chemical species in heterogeneous systems precipitate-solution based on the mass balance (MB) equations of the method of residual concentrations (MRC)
The molar fractions of chemical species depend on the mixture initial composition, in this case of CR0u, even in the absence of polynuclear complexes, i f (CR0u, pH)
Summary
Chemistry of ruthenium is characterized by some specific properties, such as the existence of various valences from 0 to 8, the relatively easy formation of stable polynuclear compounds, occurrence of various disproportionation and comproportionation processes etc. The paper presents a thermodynamic approach for the complex chemical equilibria investigation of two-phase systems containing Ru(III) and Ru(IV) hydroxides. Determination of the molar fractions of chemical species in heterogeneous systems precipitate-solution based on the MB equations of the method of residual concentrations (MRC).
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