Abstract
As warm mix asphalt (WMA) pavements afford compaction at temperatures several dozen degrees lower than hot mix asphalt (HMA), the rate of cooling drops dramatically allowing paving to continue into colder weather. For this study, field samples from the Valley City project were collected after being in service (aged) for three years. The historical weather data during study period, 2011-2014, indicates that the temperature in Valley City dropped up to −34°C in winter. Prior studies have noted the importance of studying the performance of asphalt in different environmental conditions, and with different additives. Therefore, this study was set forward to study rutting resistant of field WMA in one of the coldest regions in the US, which used Evotherm 3G as an additive. The research aimed to compare aged WMA rutting resistance, including Evotherm 3G, to that when the specimens were newly constructed. The Asphalt Pavement Analyzer (APA) was used to compare the rutting resistances of WMA and the control HMA. The results indicated that aged samples were more rut resistant than nonaged samples under wet and dry testing conditions. Also under wet and dry testing conditions, aged WMA samples exhibited lower rutting resistance than aged HMA samples. No interaction effects of aging and Evotherm 3G were found on the rutting resistance of asphalt. Addressing the issue of binder aging and its effects on the overall rut performance of pavements gives further insight into the utility of WMA overlays in cold weather regions such as North Dakota.
Highlights
Warm mix asphalt (WMA) is a technology that allows manufacturers of asphalt to lower the production and compaction temperature of asphalt mixtures by up to 100∘F
The results revealed that the performance of WMA depends on the technology and the type of additive used, and WMA had lower and, in some cases, equal rutting resistance compared to Hot Mix Asphalts (HMA)
The rutting resistance carried out by the Asphalt Pavement Analyzer (APA) indicated that WMA had similar rutting resistance compared to HMA
Summary
Warm mix asphalt (WMA) is a technology that allows manufacturers of asphalt to lower the production and compaction temperature of asphalt mixtures by up to 100∘F. Reducing mixing and compaction temperatures induced reduction in fuel costs and emissions [1]. Apart from those benefits, WMA can facilitate longer haul distances and cool weather pavement [2]. WMA technologies give the process and production the capability of reducing temperature without compromising the performance of the pavement [3]. A lower compaction temperature results in lower rutting resistance of asphalt mixes [4]. Rutting is one of the main causes of failure in pavement structures. Rutting is another term used for unrecoverable deformation caused by traffic loading which leads to lateral movement of pavement materials. As a result of this deformation or rutting distress, vehicles tend to be pulled to the rut depth
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