Russian

Abstract

The Earth now is in a state of human-induced uncertainty of geospheres, biosphere, climate change, degradation of water systems. Water has become a global deficit, is required a review of the world water policy. Irrigation consumes 95% of fresh water. Irrigation for thousands years is imitated the natural hydrological regime, although the natural hydrological regime is oriented on biological diversity of the biosphere, not to obtain the desired maximum output at the lowest amount of water. This is a systemic defect of currently accepted worldwide as a standard the gravitational simulative frontal continuum-isotropic irrigation paradigm. Using this paradigm we do not solve the problem of transformation of concentrated water flow into the moisture continuum in the soil, dispersed in the soil continuum in the area of plant roots in an amount necessary for plant nutrition with high quality soil solution. Copying natural hydrological regime the obsolete irrigation technologies causes an uncontrollable mass-transfer in the soil continuum and vadose zone, violation of geochemical barriers, degradation of soil and landscape. The crisis is due to the inability to control irrigation biogeosystems. An old irrigation paradigm gives the long-term negative result. Due to systemic irrigation defects in the world ecological humanitarian disasters occur. Modernization of irrigation has been slow and is aimed at partial improvement technology within the old paradigm. Water consumption of standard irrigation is of 5-15 times more than empirically assessed need of plant, in its turn, this calculated water demand is overestimated for 2-3 times concerning the biologically based need of plants for water. Excess water consumption is dangerous because the standard methods of hydrological forecasting now reviewing a fall. The problem of hydrological regime of pedosphere managing as the main component of the Irrigation paradigm and Water Strategy of the world has not yet been solved. The synthesis requires of a new irrigation technology platform - delete the currently accepted range of iriigation thermodynamic potential of water from 0.0 to -0.03 MPa, providing a range of stomatal regulation of transpiration from -0.2 MPa to -0.5 MPa. For ecologically meaningful management of biosphere is proposed the biogeosystem technique. Within the framework of biogeosystem technique the new intra-soil pulse continuous-discrete irrigation paradigm is proposed, the configuration of artifacts for its implementation too. It provides a controlled dissipation of discrete water volumes inside the soil continuum. The new paradigm excludes irrigation mass-transfer, excessive soil moisture, evaporation, loss of water to the vadose zone, soil degradation, destruction of geochemical barriers. By providing the stomatal regulation of transpiration regime the demand for water for irrigation is less up to 10-30 times compared to standard irrigation. The new paradigm of