Abstract
China is an urban and rural social model country. In the past three decades, the developing speed of rural areas has been much slower than urban areas, which may lead to the differences in dietary patterns. This study aimed to investigate the disparities of dietary structures from urban and rural children, and to analyze the effects of different dietary patterns on their adverse outcome. Among 1590 students, aged 11 years to 17 years, from primary and middle schools, a cross-sectional study was conducted. There were three dietary patterns recognized: Westernization structure, meat diet structure, and Western and Chinese structure. Compared with rural students, more urban students were in the highest categories of the whole dietary patterns (p < 0.001). Overweight/obesity and central adiposity were more prevailing among urban students, while rural students had a more prevailing risk of bone fracture (p < 0.05). Through the adjustment for all confounding factors, the Westernization structure could increase the risk of overweight/obesity and central adiposity, the meat structure could increase the risk of elevated blood pressure/hypertension, while the risk of low bone mineral quality could be reduced by the Chinese and Western structure. In conclusion, a rural-urban disparity in dietary patterns was found in our study, and different dietary patterns were associated with the risk of some adverse outcomes. Therefore, there were different prevalences of the adverse outcomes between rural and urban students.
Highlights
IntroductionAs the largest developing country worldwide, over 60% of China’s population live in rural regions
As the largest developing country worldwide, over 60% of China’s population live in rural regions.China is a typical urban and rural social structure country
The goal of this research was to investigate the differences in dietary patterns between urban and rural regions and adverse outcomes, such as central adiposity, overweight/obesity, elevated blood pressure/hypertension, and the risk of bone fracture among Chinese students
Summary
As the largest developing country worldwide, over 60% of China’s population live in rural regions. China is a typical urban and rural social structure country. In the past three decades, the developing speed of rural areas has been much slower than urban areas [1], and economic development disparities may result in the differences of food supply and consumption patterns, influencing dietary patterns and the status of physical constitution [2]. Some research has found that the changes of dietary patterns were greatly related with the disparities in metabolic syndrome, bone mineral status, and overweight/obesity between urban and rural regions [3,4,5,6]. Central adiposity, overweight/obesity, as well as diabetes and hypertension, are extremely prevalent in developed coastal or urban regions than underdeveloped and remote rural regions [8] Nutrition and Health Survey (CNNHS) the data showed that, compared with urban teenagers, both boys and girls, rural teenagers were 4–5 cm shorter at the same age from three to eighteen years old [7].
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