Rural settlements of the Siberian Tatars of the Tobolsk district of the Ural region in the first third of the twentieth century (based on the materials of the All-Union Census of 1926)

Abstract

The subject of the study is a network of rural settlements of Siberian Tatars on the example of the central group – the Tobolo-Irtysh Tatars, which at the time under study was included in the Tobolsk district of the Ural region. The purpose of the study is to characterize the network of rural settlements of the Siberian Tatars based on statistical data from the first third of the twentieth century, the main of which are the All-Union Census of 1926 and lists of settlements of the Tobolsk district. The relevance of the study is determined by the weak knowledge of the problem and the need to create a holistic view of the processes of formation and development of the settlement system in the studied territory. Despite the fact that many researchers have addressed the topic of the settlement network in Western Siberia, the issue of the situation with the settlement system of the Siberian Tatars remains poorly understood. In the course of the study, comparative historical, historical and typological methods, as well as the method of mathematical and statistical analysis were applied. The administrative and territorial changes, the composition and number of Tatar settlements of the district by districts and village councils of the Tobolsk district of the Ural region are considered. It is revealed that the socio-economic and administrative transformations of the Soviet government dramatically affected the situation with the indigenous Tatar population of the district and Western Siberia as a whole. Earlier, based on the materials of the First General Census of 1897, we identified weak rates of entry of the Tatar population of Siberia into the all-Russian socio-economic system. When reviewing statistical materials from the first third of the twentieth century, as well as the reforms carried out by the new government, including the reform of zoning, it was revealed that due to the liquidation of the former estate and volost divisions, there is a significant intensification of the integration of the Tatar population into the new Soviet community.