Rural Hospital Disparities in Goals of Care Documentation.

Abstract

Goals of care conversations for seriously ill hospitalized patients are associated with high quality patient-centered care. We aimed to assess the prevalence of documented goals of care conversations for rural hospitalized patients compared to nonrural hospitalized patients. We retrospectively assessed goals of care documentation using a template note for adult patients with predicted 90-day mortality greater than 30% admitted to eight rural and nine nonrural community hospitals between July 2021 and April 2023. We compared predictors and prevalence of goals of care documentation among rural and nonrural hospitals. Of the 31,098 patients admitted during the study period, 21% were admitted to a rural hospital. Rural patients were more likely than nonrural patients to be > 65 years old (89% vs. 86%, P=<0.0001), more likely to live in a neighborhood classified in the highest quintile of socioeconomic disadvantage (40% vs. 16%, P=<0.0001), and less likely to receive a palliative care consult (8% vs. 18%, p=<0.0001). Goals of care documentation occurred less often for patients admitted to rural versus nonrural community hospitals (2% vs. 7%, p<0.0001). In the base multivariable logistic regression model adjusting for patient characteristics, the odds of goals care documentation was lower in rural versus nonrural community hospitals (aOR 0.4, p=0.0232). In a second multivariable logistic regression model including both patient characteristics and severity of illness, the odds of goals of care documentation in rural community hospitals was no longer statistically different than nonrural community hospitals (aOR 0.5, p=0.1080). Patients who received a palliative care consult had lower prevalence of goals of care documentation in rural versus nonrural hospitals (16% vs. 37%, P=<0.0001). In this study of seventeen rural and nonrural community hospitals, we found low overall prevalence of goals of care documentation with particularly infrequent documentation occurring within rural hospitals. Future study is needed to assess barriers to goals of care documentation contributing to low prevalence of goals of care conversations in rural hospital settings. This retrospective study assesses prevalence of goals of care documentation in rural community hospitals. The results indicate goals of care documentation is particularly infrequent in rural community hospitals when compared to nonrural community hospitals.