Rudolf Belling’in Türk Heykel Sanatına Katkıları Bağlamında Şadi Çalık’ın Soyut Heykelleri

Abstract

Cumhuriyetin ilaniyla birlikte, her alanda oldugu gibi sanat alaninda da yabanci sanatcilar sanat egitimi vermeleri icin ulkemize davet edilmistir. Ayni zamanda bircok ogrenci de sanat egitimi almak icin yurtdisina gonderilmistir. Bu donemde, Almanya’da Berlin Guzel Sanatlar akademisini bitiren ve ilk soyut heykeli ile taninan sanatci Rudolf Belling, Akademide heykel egitimi vermek uzere ulkemize davet edilmistir. Akademide modern akimlara ve cagin gelisimine uygun bir donem baslatmis, Turk heykeltiraslarin teknik acidan yeni yontemleri tanimasina katki saglamis pek cok ogrenci yetistirmistir. Bu sanatcinin ogrencileri arasinda olan Sadi Calik, Atolye hocasinin zanaatkâr disiplininden yararlanmis ve onun kompozisyon, kutle modlaji tekniklerinden cok etkilenmistir. Sadi Calik, Paris’te bulundugu yillarda soyut sanat etkinliklerine katilmis, cagdas sanatin, mimarinin ve tum sanatlarin onculerine tanik olmustur. Paris’ten donen sanatci, Akademide hoca olarak goreve baslamistir. Heykelde malzemenin dogasina sadik kalarak Misir ve Yunan sanatini incelemis, calismalarinda soyut anlayisi benimsemistir. Soyut disavurumcu Alman heykeltiras Uhlmann, Antoine Pevsner, Naum Gabo, Maxbill ve ressam Hans Hartung, Rothko, Fontana, Mary Vieira gibi sanatcilar onu derinden etkilemistir. Sadi Calik, heykelin mimari ile butunlesmesi gerektigine inanmis, heykellerinde uclu ve ucgen yapiyi, malzeme olarak camur, alci ve demiri kullanarak soyut heykeller yapmistir. Soyut heykellerinin yani sira anit heykellerde yapmistir. Insanin her ne olursa olsun maddeye bicim verdigi anda heykel vardir diyen Sadi Calik, gidilecek en uc noktada heykel dusuncesinin var olacagini soylemistir. Yasami boyunca heykel yaparak var olmanin ugrasini vermistir. Along with the declaration of the Republic, foreign artists have been invited to my country to give arts education in the field of arts, as it is in every area. At the same time, many students were sent abroad to study art. In this period, Rudolf Belling, an artist who finished the Berlin Academy of Fine Arts in Germany and known for his first abstract sculpture, was invited to my country to teach sculpture at the Academy. The academy has started a period suitable for modern trends and development of the age and has raised many students who have contributed to the definition of new methods of Turkish sculptors technically. Among the students of this artist, Sadi Calik has benefited from the artificer discipline of the workshop teacher and has been very influenced by his composition, mass mode techniques. During his years in Paris, Sadi Calik has participated in abstract art events, witnessing contemporary art, architecture and pioneers of all arts. Returning from Paris, the artist started working as a lecturer at the Academy. In the sculpture, he studied the Egyptian and Greek art by staying true to the nature of the material and adopted abstract understanding in his works. Artists such as abstract expressive German sculptor Uhlmann, Antoine Pevsner, Naum Gabo, Maxbill and painters Hans Hartung, Rothko, Fontana, and Mary Vieira deeply impressed him. Sadi Calik believed that the sculpture should be integrated with the architecture, used triangles and objects consisting of three parts in his sculptures, made abstract sculptures by using mud, plaster and iron as materials. In addition to his abstract sculptures, he made them in monumental sculptures. Sadi Calik said that there is a sculpture in which people shape whatever the matter, saying that there will be the idea of sculpture at the extreme point to go. Throughout his life he made sculptures and tried to exist.