Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers in the world. Although surgical and screening techniques have vastly improved in the last 30 years, chemotherapeutics have not advanced sufficiently for successful treatment. Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the microRNA (miRNA) expression changes and anticancer agent potential of Rubus Sanctus Schreb. root extract (RRE) on LoVo and HT-29 colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines. Materials and Methods: LoVo and HT-29 CRC cell lines treated with different concentrations of RRE to find growth inhibitory effect with WST-1 assay. Fifty percent growth inhibition and 25% growth inhibition concentrations further evaluated with annexin V, total caspase, cell cycle, and migration assays. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to investigate the expression differences in miRNA after extract treatment. Results: Cell proliferation was reduced 77.98% in HT-29 cells after RRE treatment ( P P P P P Conclusion: Our data show for the first time that RRE has the capability to inhibit CRC cell proliferation and invasion and alter epigenetic mechanisms. Although further studies should be conducted on this topic, RRE is thought to be a potential candidate for the future studies regarding new therapy options. Abbreviation used: RRE: Rubus Sanctus Schreb. root extract; CRC: Colorectal cancer; GI 50 , GI 25: 50% and 25% growth inhibition; miRNA: MicroRNA; MGMT: O-6-Methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase; UTR: Untranslated region; Akt: Protein kinase B; PI3K: Phosphoinositide 3-kinase; NF-κB: Nuclear factor kappaB; iNOS: Inducible nitric oxide synthase; COX-2: cyclooxygenase 2; TNFα: tumor necrosis factor alpha; IL-6: Interleukin 6; DMEM: Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's medium; RPMI-1640: Roswell Park Memorial Institute 1640 medium; HPLC: High-performance liquid chromatography; UV-Vis: Ultraviolet-visible; FBS: Fetal bovine serum; OD: Optical density; RFU: Relative fluorescence unit; PE: Phycoerythrin; 7-AAD: 7-Aminoactinomycin D; PBS: Phosphate-buffered saline; EGFR: Epidermal growth factor receptor; 5-FU: Fluorouracil; MSI: Microsatellite instability; NSCLC: Nonsmall cell lung cancer; TGF-β: Transforming growth factor beta; EMT: Epithelial–mesenchymal transition
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