Abstract
Currently, most digital image watermarking schemes are affected by geometric attacks like rotation, scaling, and translation (RST). In the watermark embedding process, a robust watermarking scheme is proposed against RST attacks. In this paper, three-level discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is applied to the original image. The three-level low frequency sub-band is decomposed by the singular value decomposition (SVD), and its singular values matrix is extracted for watermarking embedding. Before the watermarking extraction, the keypoints are selected by scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) in the original image and attacked image. By matching the keypoints in two images, the RST attacks can be precisely corrected and the better performance can be obtained. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme achieves good performance of imperceptibility and robustness against common image processing and malicious attacks, especially geometric attacks.
Highlights
With the tremendous growth in information industry recently, as one of the most essential methods to convey the information from one side to the other, digital images can be tampered, which can result in security problems with copyright issues
According to different characters, watermarking can be classified into three categories: (i) robust watermarking used for copyright protection, which can resist all kinds of attacks; (ii) fragile watermarking, which is sensitive to attacks including malicious tampering and common processing; and (iii) semi-fragile watermarking used to distinguish malicious tampering from non-malicious modification, which is a combination of advantages of robust and fragile watermarking
Performances in watermark robustness and imperceptibility of the proposed method are given and analyzed. This scheme is tested on the image with size of 512 × 512, and the watermark applied in this scheme is a binary image with size of 64 × 64
Summary
With the tremendous growth in information industry recently, as one of the most essential methods to convey the information from one side to the other, digital images can be tampered, which can result in security problems with copyright issues. It is urgent to research and propose the watermark method with the resistance to the RST attacks [19] To solve this problem, the scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) [20] is applied in image watermarking, which is a type of efficient method for interesting points detection and extraction, as well as local feature description. Proposed an adaptive watermarking scheme based on DFT and SIFT In this method, DFT is performed on the sub-image selected from the host image for watermark embedding. Thorat and Jadhav [25] proposed an anti-geometrical attacks watermarking scheme based on IWT and SIFT This scheme applied SIFT on the red components of the image, extracted the feature points and performed IWT on the blue and green components to extract low-frequency coefficients for watermark embedding.
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