Abstract
Oxidative stress has a critical role in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a multifactorial disease that includes age, gene variants of complement regulatory proteins and smoking as the main risk factors.
Highlights
The age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in elderly populations
The present study aimed to investigate the role of stress and the unfolded protein response in cigarette smoke related retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) apoptosis [15]
These results suggest that hyperglycaemia promotes the development of CNV by inducing oxidative stress, which in turn activates signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 protein (STAT3) signalling in RPE cells
Summary
The age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in elderly populations. Other mechanism is the iron accumulation in AMD, that it is a toxic in the visual phototransduction cascade and catalyzes the conversion of hydrogen peroxide to hydroxyl radical, which is the most damaging of the ROS. This has therapeutic potential for diminishing iron-induced oxidative damage to prevent or treat AMD. It is very important to know the pathogenic mechanism of AMD so the population needs new therapies to prevent and treat exudative and atrophic maculopathy. The use of antioxidant vitamins has been shown to delay disease progression at an intermediate stage, and rapid innovation in the use of antiangiogenic therapies has resulted in new clinical methods to treat the exudative phase of AMD. Developing new treatment and prevention strategies targeting earlier stages of the disease requires a better understanding of the underlying disease mechanisms
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