Rough initial data and the strength of the blue-shift instability on cosmological black holes with Λ > 0

Abstract

We consider the wave equation on Reissner–Nordström–de Sitter and more generally Kerr–Newman–de Sitter black hole spacetimes with . The strength of the blue-shift instability associated to the Cauchy horizon of these spacetimes has been the subject of much discussion, since—in contrast to the asymptotically flat case—the competition with the decay associated to the region between the event and cosmological horizons is delicate, especially as the extremal limit is approached. Of particular interest is the question as to whether generic, admissible initial data posed on a Cauchy surface lead to solutions whose local (integrated) energy blows up at the Cauchy horizon, for this statement holds in the asymptotically flat case and would correspond precisely to the blow up required by Christodoulou’s formulation of strong cosmic censorship. Some recent heuristic work suggests that the answer is in general negative for solutions arising from sufficiently smooth data, i.e. there exists a certain range of black hole parameters such that for all such data, the arising solutions have finite local (integrated) energy at the Cauchy horizon. In this short note, we shall show in contrast that, by slightly relaxing the smoothness assumption on initial data, we are able to prove the analogue of the Christodoulou statement in the affirmative, i.e. we show that for generic data in our allowed class, the local energy blow-up statement indeed holds at the Cauchy horizon, for all subextremal black hole parameter ranges. We present two distinct proofs. The first is based on an explicit mode construction while the other is softer and uses only time translation invariance of appropriate scattering maps, in analogy with our previous (Dafermos and Shlapentokh-Rothman 2017 Commun. Math. Phys. 350 985–1016). Both proofs use statements concerning the non-triviality of transmission and reflexion, which are easy to infer by o.d.e. techniques and analyticity considerations. Our slightly enlarged class of initial data is still sufficiently regular to ensure both stability and decay properties in the region between the event and cosmological horizons as well as the boundedness and continuous extendibility beyond the Cauchy horizon. This suggests thus that it is finally this class—and not smoother data—which may provide the correct setting to formulate the genericity condition in strong cosmic censorship.