Rotational wave packet of NO+ created upon strong-field ionization of NO

Abstract

We theoretically investigate the creation of the rotational wave packet in molecular ions upon the strong-field ionization of diatomic molecules by a femtosecond laser pulse. The rotational excitation of molecular cation is ascribed to the dependence of the strong-field ionization probability on the orientation angle of the molecular axis with respect to the laser polarization direction. By extending the molecular strong-field approximation theory, we calculate the rovibrational state distribution of the ground electronic X state of NO+ after the ionization of NO in the electronic ground X state. We also show that the extent of the rotational excitation of NO+ is enhanced by the stimulated impulsive Raman processes both in neutral NO and in NO+ cation. The resultant time evolution of the rotational wave packet of NO+ is in good agreement with the delay dependent NO2+ yield recorded experimentally in our previous pump–probe study.