Rotating dirty black hole and its shadow

Abstract

In this paper, we examine the effect of dark matter to a Kerr black hole of mass m. The metric is derived using the Newman-Janis algorithm, where the seed metric originates from the Schwarzschild black hole surrounded by a spherical shell of dark matter with mass M and thickness Δrs. The seed metric is also described in terms of a piecewise mass function with three different conditions. Specializing in the non-trivial case where the observer resides inside the dark matter shell, we analyzed how the effective mass of the black hole environment affects the basic black hole properties. A high concentration of dark matter near the rotating black hole is needed to have considerable deviations on the horizons, ergosphere, and photonsphere radius. The time-like geodesic, however, shows more sensitivity to deviation even at very low dark matter density. Further, the location of energy extraction via the Penrose process is also shown to remain unchanged. With how the dark matter distribution is described in the mass function, and the complexity of how the shadow radius is defined for a Kerr black hole, deriving an analytic expression for Δrs as a condition for notable dark matter effects to occur remains inconvenient.