Rotaphone-D, A New Model of Six-Degree-of-Freedom Seismic Sensor: Description and Performance

Abstract

Abstract A new model of the Rotaphone-D short-period seismic sensor with six degrees of freedom is introduced. The basis of the instrument is horizontal and vertical geophones in a special paired arrangement. The instrument is designed for simultaneous and collocated measurements of rotational and translational components of ground motion. The basic principle of measurement is briefly described. Careful calibration is necessary for this type of measurement, which has two parts: a preliminary calibration based on laboratory measurements of the characteristics of the individual geophones, and a subsequent in situ calibration, which takes into account the actual physical conditions during field measurements and is performed during the processing of the measured data. The effect of the calibration is demonstrated by specific laboratory tests. The laboratory tests have confirmed the correct functioning of the instrument. The frequency range of Rotaphone-D is from 2 to 80 Hz and is therefore optimal for monitoring local seismicity. The instrument was subsequently used in field measurements during two several-month measurement campaigns in California, United States. Examples of six-component records from two sites—The Geysers and Long Valley Caldera—are presented and briefly interpreted from a seismological perspective. Basic instrument parameters are given. The instrument is lightweight, portable, easy to install, and offers several interesting applications, which are briefly discussed. Six-component measurements (translational and rotational) have become a powerful tool, especially in volcanic seismology and in monitoring induced seismicity.