Abstract
The Russian Federation had been conducting large-scale disinformation activities even before the 2022 war in Ukraine began. The Kremlin’s message was focused on the development of basic narratives used at the turn of 2013/2014. This basic substructure was updated to match current events. Entitites outside Russia, such as Poland, the EU and NATO are also vulnerable to information attacks. Due to the abundance of diverse information and unlimited availability of sources, recognizing false information is increasingly difficult, which translates into social panic. Unfortunately, protection against false information in Poland remains underdeveloped.
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