Abstract
Abstract The emergence of antibiotic resistance in microorganisms is a serious challenge globally. Natural hydrophobic diterpene carboxylic acids present in rosin have unsatisfactory inhibitory properties against pathogens due to their poor water solubility. Therefore, the objective of research work was to modify the natural rosin into rosin maleic anhydride adduct with improved bioinhibitory properties for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Prescreened MRSA isolates were found 78.05% and 29.27% resistant to oxacillin and vancomycin antibiotics respectively. The dosage effect of 0, 25, 50, and 100 mg L-1 rosin maleic anhydride adduct revealed the best inhibition response at 25 mg L-1. Moreover, bacteriostatic as well as the inhibitory effect of rosin maleic anhydride adduct was noticed against MRSA isolates. Gompertz model predicted better uptake of maleic anhydride adduct as compared to rosin. The higher specific growth rate of MRSA at reduced lag time correlated with increased toxicity of maleic anhydride adduct. This research concludes rosin maleic anhydride adduct has superior inhibitory properties against MRSA strains.
Highlights
MRSA is a multidrug-resistant gram-positive resistant bacterium and it is a worldwide challenge for all clinicians to treat this Methicillin Resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infection
Rosin activity was not observed against MRSA and S. aureus
Average data for zone of inhibition recorded for rosin maleic anhydride treated MRSA and S. aureus further revealed in Figure 2, 25 mg L-1 of rosin maleic anhydride effective to inhibit the maximum growth of MRSA
Summary
MRSA is a multidrug-resistant gram-positive resistant bacterium and it is a worldwide challenge for all clinicians to treat this Methicillin Resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infection. The resistant strain of MRSA, which acquired resistance against oxacillin/methicillin and other antibiotics that contain β-lactam rings in their structure. Vancomycin inhibits MRSA strains in the range of 1.0-2.0 μg mL-1. Vancomycin resistance is relatively a new pattern in emerging MRSA strains. Β-lactamase mediated resistance in S. aureus has been developed within the last decade due to the overuse of penicillin[3,4]. The production of Penicillin-binding proteins 2a (PBP2a) in MRSA is responsible for the development of S. aureus resistance to methicillin antibiotics. This protein was encoded by the mecA, a gene that is placed on chromosome mec cassette – a mobile genetic element (MGE) of S. aureus
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