Rootstocks for Commercial Peach Production in the Southeastern United States: Current Research, Challenges, and Opportunities

Abstract

The Southeastern United States is facing agriculture crises, such as the ongoing epidemic of citrus greening disease that has forced the region to begin looking into alternative crops. Some of these belong to the Rosaceae genus Prunus, which encompasses many economically important species such as peaches, almonds, cherries, plums, and more. Peach production in Florida has become a very promising alternative to citrus; however, there are different limitations and challenges that peach production faces in this region. Differing climates coupled with edaphic challenges such as salinity, alkalinity, and waterlogging have been the focus of much of the research into the viability of peach production in the region. Using the genetic diversity of the Prunus genus is crucial to the success of peach as an alternative crop, due to the nature of its propagation on rootstocks. The development of new rootstock cultivars has been—and continues to be—the most efficient way not only to deal with the variety of problems associated with the climate and soil mentioned above but also to mitigate the effects of pests and diseases. The vegetative propagation of stone fruit rootstocks also has distinct advantages that seed propagation cannot achieve, including tree performance uniformity and the multiplication of interspecific hybrids. Tools used to select the best-performing rootstocks for the area such as the root system architecture (RSA) analysis are fundamental to this development process to ensure that the rootstock cultivars with the traits needed for success in the region are selected. This narrative review lays out all the challenges facing southeastern peach production in detail, discussing the research into these challenges and highlighting the tools that are most crucial to the success of peach production in the region to create a resource for researchers, growers, and breeders to more easily access this information.