Abstract
Rooting and acclimatization are limiting steps in plant micropropagation, especially in woody plant species. This study aimed to evaluate the IAA and IBA effect on the in vitro rooting and acclimatization of micropropagated shoots of Japanese plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.) cv. América. Shoots from 3 to 4 cm long were inoculated in MS medium with half salt and vitamin concentrations (MS/2) added with IAA and IBA (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 mg L-1). After a 20-day period in in vitro cultivation, the shoots were evaluated, and then transferred to a greenhouse, and evaluated after 30 days. At the end of the in vitro cultivation period, no significant interactions were observed for number of roots per shoot and rooting percentage, but a significant effect was recorded for auxin type only, for which shoots grown in media added with IBA showed high values - 0.87 and 41.95%, respectively. A linear increase response from 1.45 to 5.75 cm was verified for root length of shoots cultivated in IBA medium; however, no significant effect was observed, and a 0.86 cm average root length per shoot grown in medium added with IAA was found. After 30 days of acclimatization period, the largest survival percentage was obtained from shoots cultivated in medium with 1 mg L-1 of IBA and IAA (88% and 92%, respectively). Although, IBA provided the highest in vitro rooting, most of the surviving shoots were those originated in IAA-added medium, probably because IBA promoted longer fibrous roots, less appropriate for transplant and soil fixation, as they are easily damaged. It was concluded that in vitro rooting with the addition of the highest IAA concentration (1 mg L-1) provided the greatest plant survival during the acclimatization period of the Japanese plum cv. América.
Highlights
Brazil is the third largest fruit producer in the world, but the country still imports large quantities of temperate fruit, especially plums and pears (REETZ, 2007)
The Japanese plum tree propagation in Brazil is done mainly by active bud grafting on peach rootstocks (NACHTIGAL; PEREIRA, 2000), which limits the orchard’s longevity
América shoots from in vitro cultivation were multiplied in MS medium (MURASHIGE; SKOOG, 1962) added with 0.3 mg L-1 of BAP (6-benzylaminopurine) and 1 mg L-1 of GA3 were inoculated in medium containing half MS (MS/2) salt and vitamin concentrations added with 20 g L-1 of sucrose, 100 mg L-1 of inositol, and different indole3-acetic acid (IAA) or indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) concentrations (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 mg L-1)
Summary
Brazil is the third largest fruit producer in the world, but the country still imports large quantities of temperate fruit, especially plums and pears (REETZ, 2007). The Japanese plum tree propagation in Brazil is done mainly by active bud grafting on peach rootstocks (NACHTIGAL; PEREIRA, 2000), which limits the orchard’s longevity. The use of plum rootstocks or self-rooted cultivars (MINDÊLLO-NETO, 2005; TONIETTO et al, 2005), obtained by a method which enables the preservation of the genetic and sanitary quality of the plant, together with a better orchard management, can significantly contribute to a higher orchard production efficacy and longevity. In vitro cultivation has been considered a potentially viable alternative to woody species large-scale cloning and commercial plant production, which allows controlling several variables that are responsible for plant development (GUTIÉRREZ et al, 2011), enabling the multiplication of disease-free plants in the short run, regardless of the season (VIGANÓ et al, 2007)
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