Abstract
采用框栽试验方法研究了不同施氮水平对大豆根系形态和氮素吸收积累的影响, 结果表明: 不同施氮水平对大豆植株生物量、氮素吸收积累量及根系形态有显著影响, 随施氮量增加, 植株干重、氮素积累量、单株产量等均呈先增加后降低趋势, 其中以N100 [100 kg(N)·hm<sup>-2</sup>]处理效果最佳, 总体表现为N100>N200>N50>N25>N0。无N (N0)和适量偏低的氮(N25、N50)增加了大豆的根冠比, 但过多的氮(N200)反而降低了大豆的根冠比, 说明低氮胁迫促进了大豆根系的生长。大豆根长、根表面积和根体积随施氮量的增加表现为先降后增而后又降低的规律, 不施氮(N0)情况下, 根长、根表面积和根体积均高于低氮处理 (N25、 N50), 之后随施氮量增加而增加, 当超过一定施氮量(N200)时又呈降低趋势。不同生育时期植株生物量、氮素积累、根长、根表面积和根体积等表现为花期>苗期>鼓粒期。因此施用一定量氮肥对大豆植株生物量、氮素积累以及根系形态等产生显著影响, 进而影响大豆氮素转运量和转运效率, 最终影响大豆籽粒产量和品质。
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