Abstract
The feed-in tariff, introduced in 2012, led to a significant increase in Photovoltaics (PVs) throughout Japan. About half of PVs are three-phase PVs that are connected to low voltage or medium voltage networks. Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI) has developed root-mean square-based time-domain power system analysis tools used by all the Japanese utilities for dynamic studies following balanced and unbalanced faults for over the last thirty years. Two 10 kW three-phase PV inverter were tested in the CRIEPI's test lab reproducing various levels of the voltage dips that come from three-phase balanced and unbalanced faults with various fault duration. The PV model was developed and validated, comparing measured responses obtained in the test lab with simulated responses obtained by the time-domain simulation tool. Sensitivities of identified parameters to the model error are carefully examined, which proves that the same model parameters may be used for balanced and unbalanced faults. Derived model parameters are further verified, comparing the simulated response of the combined two PV outputs with the measured response. The excellent match of those responses demonstrates that individually identified parameters for the two single PV inverters are also adequate for representing the combined PV dynamics.
Highlights
R ENEWABLE energy sources (RES), characterized by photovoltaics (PVs), have been drastically increased in Japan in response to the global trend of growing environmental awareness
The electric control model parameters were identified through a comparison between the response measured at the Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI)’s simulator and the response simulated by CRIEPI’s Power Analysis Tools (CPAT)
It is noted that in order to obtain the simulated response, the active power output and reactive power output, in the developed model, are derived using the positive, negative- sequence voltage and current, while only the positive sequence current is injected, because the negativesequence current injection in the case of unbalanced faults is not required in Japanese grid code [41]
Summary
R ENEWABLE energy sources (RES), characterized by photovoltaics (PVs), have been drastically increased in Japan in response to the global trend of growing environmental awareness. The representative contingency of the dynamic stability study in the bulk power system is a system fault on a transmission line. Generic RES models [9], [25]–[27] are currently available in the software around the world for dynamic stability studies in the bulk power system. Japanese utilities will eventually require the RMSbased RES model that represents the dynamic behavior, following unbalanced faults as well as balanced faults in the bulk power system, with its reliable model parameters. The model parameters that can represent the dynamic behavior following unbalanced faults, as well as balanced faults, are identified comparing the simulated and measured responses. Specification and characteristics of electric control model and protective relay model for three-phase PV inverter
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