Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the bond strength (BS) of root canal fillings to root dentin using the reciprocating file-matched single-cone or lateral compaction techniques with resin-based and calcium-silicate-based sealers. Maxillary canine roots were prepared and filled using one of the following approaches: Reciproc R40 file and R40 single cone, WaveOne Large file and Large single cone, or ProTaper up to F4 file with lateral compaction. The root filling was performed using AH Plus, Epiphany SE or MTA Fillapex (n = 10). Three 1-mm-thick slices were obtained from each third of each root. Two slices were subjected to a push-out test, and the other slices were prepared for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to examine the dentin-sealer interface. Data (in MPa) from the push-out tests were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (p < 0.05). Failure modes (adhesive, cohesive or mixed) were evaluated at ×25 magnification. The single-cone techniques resulted in lower BS values than the lateral compaction technique. For lateral compaction, AH Plus and Epiphany SE showed the highest and lowest BS values, respectively. Slight differences were observed between sealers when the single-cone techniques were used. A tendency to reduce the BS toward the apical third was observed. Adhesive failures were predominant for all experimental conditions. A closer adaption of the filling material on the root dentin was observed for the AH Plus and lateral compaction techniques. The Reciproc and WaveOne techniques were associated with lower BS values than the lateral compaction technique. However, the effect of the root canal filling technique appears to be sealer-dependent.
Highlights
The fluid-tight obturation of the root canal system following its chemomechanical debridement is an essential step for successful root canal treatment
With regard to the use of AH Plus and MTA Fillapex, the lateral compaction technique resulted in the highest values of bond strength, whereas Reciproc and WaveOne showed similar values
For Epiphany SE, Reciproc resulted in a higher bond strength than lateral compaction, whereas no difference was observed between WaveOne and the other filling techniques
Summary
The fluid-tight obturation of the root canal system following its chemomechanical debridement is an essential step for successful root canal treatment. For this purpose, an inert core filling material (Gutta-percha, GP) is widely used in conjunction with a root canal sealer (RCS).[1] Because of the GP’s lack of adhesiveness, using an RCS is necessary to fill the irregularities between the GP and the root canal walls, reducing the interfacial gaps and preventing leakage and contamination of the root canal space.[1,2]. Controversial results have been reported with respect to the adhesiveness of these sealers.[7,11,12] MTA Fillapex (Angelus, Londrina, Brazil) is a new calcium silicate-based sealer presenting low solubility and disintegration,[13] and good flow[3] and alkaline pH,[14] but it has a reduced bond strength when compared with AH Plus.[15,16]
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