Abstract
Plant roots play a key role in stabilizing slopes, particularly in the Mediterranean region, characterized by rough and unstable terrain. However, forest species differ in their stabilizing capacities. The purpose of this study is to fill the gap of knowledge on root biomechanical properties of relevant Mediterranean trees and shrubs in relation to slope stability. Root specimens of typical montane Mediterranean tree and shrub species were sampled in Southern Italy. Root characteristics, such as tensile strength (Tr) and root area ratio (RAR), were assessed from live roots sampled in trenches, while root cohesion was calculated. Power law functions yielded the best fit for the relationship of Tr versus root diameter; however, no significant relationship was found between root strength and root moisture content. RAR varied amongst different tree and shrub species. Roots of Quercus cerris L. were the most resistant to breaking under tension, while roots of Ilex aquifolium L. had the highest tensile strength among all shrub species. Results provide quantitative information on the role of root systems of montane Mediterranean forest species in stabilizing soils and will improve modeling of landslide susceptibility to the prevention and mitigation of natural hazards in mountain environments.
Highlights
Slope stability and soil erosion are significant environmental and societal issues worldwide, in the Mediterranean region [1,2]
Fresh water content (FWC) in roots ranged from 73% in Quercus cerris L. to 164% in Pinus nigra subsp. laricio (Poir.) Maire, but variability was large (Table 3)
Kruskal–Wallis H tests indicated no statistically significant differences in tensile strength of the roots related to their water content for all species and roots classes (Castanea sativa Mill. χ2 (1) = 0.337, p = 0.561; Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn χ2 (1) = 0.198, p = 0.655; Quercus cerris L
Summary
Slope stability and soil erosion are significant environmental and societal issues worldwide, in the Mediterranean region [1,2]. Earthquakes, storm surges, shallow groundwater-level changes, and streambank erosion can all induce instability in hillslopes, triggering hydrogeomorphic hazards, such as mass movements of rock, debris, and soil [5]. Factors such as poor land management, forest degradation and conversion, forest fires, road construction, urban sprawl, and climate change. The presence of plant roots enhances soil properties (e.g., organic matter content, soil structure, pore size distribution) and significantly increases the shear strength of soils [7,8,9,10]
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