Abstract
Pennisetum sinese, a source of bio-energy with high biomass production, is a species that contains high crude protein and will be useful for solving the shortage of forage grass after the implementation of “Green for Grain” project in the Loess plateau of Northern Shaanxi in 1999. Plants may receive benefits from endophytic bacteria, such as the enhancement of plant growth or the reduction of plant stress. However, the composition of the endophytic bacterial community associated with the roots of P. sinese is poorly elucidated. In this study, P. sinese from five different samples (Shaanxi province, SX; Fujian province, FJ; the Xinjiang Uyghur autonomous prefecture, XJ and Inner Mongolia, including sand (NS) and saline-alkali land (NY), China) were investigated by high-throughput next-generation sequencing of the 16S rDNA V3-V4 hypervariable region of endophytic bacteria. A total of 313,044 effective sequences were obtained by sequencing five different samples, and 957 effective operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were yielded at 97% identity. The phylum Proteobacteria, the classes Gammaproteobacteria and Alphaproteobacteria, and the genera Pantoea, Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, Arthrobacter, Psychrobacter, and Neokomagataea were significantly dominant in the five samples. In addition, our results demonstrated that the Shaanxi province (SX) sample had the highest Shannon index values (3.795). We found that the SX (308.097) and NS (126.240) samples had the highest and lowest Chao1 richness estimator (Chao1) values, respectively. Venn graphs indicated that the five samples shared 39 common OTUs. Moreover, according to results of the canonical correlation analysis (CCA), soil total carbon, total nitrogen, effective phosphorus, and pH were the major contributing factors to the difference in the overall composition of the bacteria community in this study. Our data provide insights into the endophytic bacteria community composition and structure of roots associated with P. sinese. These results might be useful for growth promotion in different samples, and some of the strains may have the potential to improve plant production in future studies.
Highlights
In both natural and anthropic ecosystems, plants interact with a wide range of microorganisms, including bacteria
The composition diversity and differences in endophytic bacteria in roots in different growth eco-regions associated with P. sinese were analyzed using high throughput sequencing technology
We found that Proteobacteria was the most abundant phylum in all samples; Gammaproteobacteria and Alphaproteobacteria accounted were dominant at the class level in five samples, indicating that there is host selection of host-specific endophytes in host species in distinct eco-regions
Summary
In both natural and anthropic ecosystems, plants interact with a wide range of microorganisms, including bacteria. Authors in [1] described endophytes as “all microorganisms which for all or part of their lifetime colonize internal plant tissues without causing any damage or disease to the host plants.”. Endophytic bacteria have been isolated from different plant tissues, such as roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and seeds [2,3]. Endophytic bacteria live inside a plant for at least part of their life cycle and do not visibly harm host plants. The host plant provides endophytes with a supply of nutrients and shelter from most abiotic stresses. Plants may receive benefits from microbial associations, such as the enhancement of plant growth or reduction of plant stress, e.g., through growth promotion, pathogen suppression, contaminant removal, phosphate solubilization, nitrogen fixation, etc. Plants may receive benefits from microbial associations, such as the enhancement of plant growth or reduction of plant stress, e.g., through growth promotion, pathogen suppression, contaminant removal, phosphate solubilization, nitrogen fixation, etc. [4,5,6,7,8,9]
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