Abstract
Abstract This chapter explores Roman republicanism as a tradition of thought which views the res publica (republic) as the central unit of political life. This tradition emerges as thinkers such as Polybius, Sallust, Cicero, Livy, and Tacitus defend the sovereignty of the republic as the fundamental realm of political life against philosophical and ethical commitments that would devalue it. In articulating the case for the res publica and defending it against internal and external threats, whether from strains of thought within philosophical schools such as Epicureanism and Stoicism or from internal corruption, Roman ‘republican’ thinkers offered influential and often contrasting accounts of concepts such as the purpose of the res publica; the mixed constitution; freedom as non-domination; deliberative rhetoric as means of decision-making; republican virtues; and reflections on patriotism, empire, and just wars.
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