Role of Zinc and Lysosomal Enzymes in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Periodontitis

Abstract

Background: The role of zinc and lysosomal enzymes in periodontal diseases has gained attention. The incidence of periodontal disease as well as its progression can be increased in the presence of poor glycaemic control. Diabetes and periodontitis have been suggested with a vicious cycle that aggravates both conditions when present in the same patient. Even though periodontal therapy is potentially an important component of the overall management strategy for patients with diabetes, the precise mechanisms that lead to reductions in zinc and increased release of lysosomal enzymes following periodontal treatment remain, as yet, unclear. Methods: This study focuses on how serum zinc and the lysosomal enzymes, acid phosphatase, β D glucuronidase and cathepsin D are related to the subjects in control group, Type 2 diabetes mellitus with periodontitis, Type 2 diabetes mellitus without periodontitis and non-diabetes mellitus with periodontitis. Results: The expression of acid phosphatase was found to be ten times increased in T2DM with periodontitis, the levels of β D glucuronidase are nine times elevated in T2DM with periodontitis, and the highest cathepsin D enzyme activity was observed in subjects with non-diabetes with periodontitis. Conclusion: The study supports the overall hypothesis that zinc deficiency is one of the major risk factor for T2DM with periodontitis. Due to the deficiency of zinc, the lysosomal enzymes levels are elevated and the stability of lysosomal membrane gets disturbed. Keywords: Acid phosphatase, β D glucuronidase, cathepsin D, periodontitis, zinc.