Role of the PH domain in regulating in vitro autophosphorylation events required for reconstitution of PDK1 catalytic activity

Abstract

In addition to its catalytic domain, phosphoinsositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK1) contains a C-terminal pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, which binds the membrane-bound phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-triphosphate [PI(3,4,5)P 3] second messenger. Here, we report in vitro kinetic, phosphopeptide mapping, and oligomerization studies that address the role of the PH domain in regulating specific autophosphorylation events, which are required for PDK1 catalytic activation. First, ‘inactive’ unphosphorylated forms of N-terminal His 6 tagged full length (His 6-PDK1) and catalytic domain constructs [His 6-PDK1(ΔPH)] were generated by treatment with Lambda protein phosphatase (λPP). Reconstitution of λPP-treated His 6-PDK1(ΔPH) catalytic activity required activation loop Ser-241 phosphorylation, which occurred only upon trans-addition of ‘active’ PDK1 with an apparent bimolecular rate constant of app k1 S241 = 374 ± 29 M −1 s −1. In contrast, full length λPP-treated His 6-PDK1 catalyzed Ser-241 cis-autophosphorylation with an apparent first-order rate constant of app k1 S241 = (5.0 ± 1.5) × 10 −4 s −1 but remained ‘inactive’. Reconstitution of λPP-treated His 6-PDK1 catalytic activity occurred only when autophosphorylated in the presence of PI(3,4,5)P 3 containing vesicles. PI(3,4,5)P 3 binding to the PH domain activated apparent first-order Ser-241 autophosphorylation by 20-fold [ app k1 S241 = (1.1 ± 0.1) × 10 −2 s −1] and also promoted biphasic Thr-513 trans-autophosphorylation [ app k2 T513 = (4.9 ± 1.1) × 10 2 M −1 s −1 and app k3 T513 = (1.5 ± 0.2) × 10 3 M −1 s −1]. The results of mutagenesis studies suggest that Thr-513 phosphorylation may cause dissociation of autoinhibitory contacts formed between the contiguous regulatory PH and catalytic kinase domains.